Ch 19

Question 1

Land Use Controls

Answer 1

1. Controlled by public and private restrictions and public ownership of land
2. Police power of the states is the inherent authority to create the regulations necessary to protect public health, safety, and welfare.
3. States, in turn, allow local municipalities to make regulations that are consistent with the general laws

Question 2

Comprehensive Plan aka Master plan

Answer 2

1. Land use
2. Housing needs
3. Movement of people and goods
4. Community facilities and utilities
5. Energy conservation

Question 3

Zoning regulation

Answer 3

Local laws ( zoning ordinances ) regulate how land is used for the protection of public health, safety, and welfare.

Question 4

Zoning ordinances affect

Answer 4

1. Permitted uses of each parcel of land
2. Lot sizes
3. Types of structures
4. Building height
5. Setbacks
6. Style and appearance of structures
7. Density
8. Protection of natural resources

Question 5

Zoning Classification

Answer 5

1. Residential
2. Commercial
3. Agricultural
   Land may also be set aside for mixed use, such as planned unit development

Question 6

Buffer zones

Answer 6

such as parks and playgrounds, may be included to separate residential areas from nonresidential areas

Question 7

Bulk zoning

Answer 7

to control density and avoid overcrowding

Question 8

Aesthetic zoning

Answer 8

to specify certain types of architecture

Question 9

Incentive zoning

Answer 9

to ensure that certain types of use are incorporated into developments

Question 10

14th amendment

Answer 10

prevents states from depriving “any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”

Question 11

Tests applied determining validity of zoning ordinances require that the following:

Answer 11

1. Power be exercised in reasonable manner
2. Provisions be clear and specific
3. Ordinance be free from discrimination
4. Ordinance promote public health, safety, and general welfare
5. Ordinances apply to all property in a similar manner

Question 12

5th Amendment

Answer 12

“nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.”

1. Inverse condemnation
2. Compensation may be negotiated

Question 13

Zoning hearing boards

Answer 13

established to hear complaints about the effects zoning may have on specific parcels of property

Question 14

Nonconforming use

Answer 14

generally applies to properties that conformed with the zoning before it was subsequently changed

Question 15

Variance

Answer 15

a permanent exception to the zoning ordinance

Question 16

Conditional-use permit

Answer 16

granted to a property owner to allow a special use of property that is defined as an allowable conditional use within that zone

Question 17

Building codes and Certificates of Occupancy

Answer 17

1. Specify minimum construction standards
2. Require building permits and periodic construction inspections
3. Require the issuance of certificates of occupancy

Question 18

Private land-use controls

Answer 18

to control and maintain the desirable quality and character of a property or subdivision

Question 19

restrictive covenants

Answer 19

limitations to the use of property imposed by a past owner of the current owner and are binding on future grantees