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Anatomy and Physiology II > Ch 19 Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Ch 19 Blood Vessels Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

3 major vessels

A

Arteries capillaries veins

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2
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

Away from heart

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3
Q

Veins carry blood where?

A

Toward the heart.

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4
Q

Arteries carry what kind if blood in systemic circulation?

A

Oxygenated blood

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5
Q

Veins carry what kind of blood in the systemic circulation?

A

Oxygen poor blood

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6
Q

In the pulmonary circulation the arteries carry blood

A

Away from the heart and oxygen poor

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7
Q

In the pulmonary circulation, the veins carry blood

A

From the lungs to the heart

Oxygenated

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8
Q

Walls of the blood vessels have how many layers?

A

3 tunics

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9
Q

Lumen

A

Blood containing space

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10
Q

Vasoconstriction/vasodilation occurs in which tunic?

A

Tunic media

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11
Q

Chief functioned the tunic media

A

Maintain blood pressure

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12
Q

Elastic arteries

A

Thick

Neat the heart

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13
Q

Elastin

A

Swiss cheese appearance between layers of smooth muscle cells

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14
Q

Muscular arteries

A

Diver blood to specific body organs

Vasoconstriction

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15
Q

Arteriolar

A

Smallest arteries

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16
Q

3 types if capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

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17
Q

Continuous capillaries are where?

A

Skin and muscle

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18
Q

Intracellar clefts

A

Membranes

Allows limited passage of solutes and fluids.

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19
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

Permeable to fluids and small solutes

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20
Q

Fenestrated capillaries are where?

A

Sm. intestine

Endocrine organs

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21
Q

Sinusoids

A

Leaky capillaries

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22
Q

Where are sinusoid all capillaries found?

A

Liver
Bone narrow
Spleen
Adrenal medulla

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23
Q

Hepatic macrophages

A

Kupferr cells

Remove and destroy contained bacteria

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24
Q

Capillary beds

A

Network of capillaries

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25
Microcirculation
Flow if blood from the arteriole to a venule
26
Capillary bed consists if 2 vessels
Vascular shunt True capillaries Exchange vessels
27
Route of capillary beds
Terminal arteriole Metarteriole Thoroughfare channel Post capillary venule
28
Precapillary sphincter
Surrounds the root of a true capillary to regulate blood flow into the capillary
29
When the capillaries sphincter is open what happens?
Blood flows through capillaries and takes Orr in exchanges with tissue cells
30
When the precapillary sphincter is closed, what happens?
Blood flows through the shunts and biopasses tissue cells
31
Vascular anastomoses
Vascular channels that unite and form inner connections
32
Arterial anastomoses
Arteries supplying the same area as vascular anastomoses
33
Collateral channels
Alternate pathway for blood to reach a region
34
Arterial anastomoses occurs where?
Joints Abdominal organs Brain Heart
35
Arteries that do not anastomoses
Retina Kidneys Spleen
36
Blood flow
Volume of blood flowing through through a vessel, organ, entire circulation
37
BP
Force per unit area excerpted on a vessel wall by the contained blood
38
Resistance
Opposition to flow | Measure if the amount of friction blood encounters as it passes through the vessels
39
Blood viscosity
Internal resistance to flow
40
Total blood vessel length
Relationship between total blood vessel length and resistance
41
What 2 factors does arterial bp reflect?
How much the elasric arteries close to the heart stretch The volume of the blood forced onto them at any time
42
Systolic pressure
Left ventricle contracts and the pressure peaks as it goes into the aorta
43
Diastolic pressure
Aortic valves closes | Aortic pressure drops to the lowest
44
Pulse pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
45
Increased SV and faster blood ejection=
Increases contractility
46
MAP
Mean arterial pressure Pressure that propels the blood to the tissues
47
Formula for MAP
MAP=diastolic pressure + pulse pressure/3
48
Respiratory pump
Pressure in the chest decreases thoracic veins to expand and speeds blood entry into right atrium
49
Muscular pump
Keeps blood from flowing back as the skeletal muscles contract and relax
50
Short-term control
Mediated by the nervous system | Counteract fluctuations in blood pressure by altering resistance
51
Brutal controls of peripheral resistance are directed at 2 goals
Maintaining adequate MAPLtwring blood distribution to respond to different demands of various organs
52
Most neural controls operate by reflex arcs by...
Baroreceptors
53
Sometimes inputs from chemoreceptors will
Influence the neural control mechanism
54
Vasomotor center
Neural center that oversees changes in the diameter of blood vessels
55
Cardiovascular center
Integrates bp control by alternating CO and blood vessel diameter
56
Vasomotor fibers
vasomotor center Transmits impulses at a steady rate along sympathetic efferents
57
Vasomotor tone
Arterioles are in a state if moderate constriction
58
vasomotor activity is modified by inputs from
Baroreceptors Chemoreceptors Higher brain centers
59
Baroreceptors
Neural receptors
60
Paracrines
Serve to match the amount of blood flow to the metabolic need of a particular tissue
61
Adrenal medulla hormones
Release norepinephrine and epinephrine to the blood to the sympathetic response
62
Angiotensin II
An enzyme that results from renin
63
Arterial natriuretic peptide ANP
Hormone that the heart produces which causes blood volume and blood pressure to decline
64
Anti diuretic hormone ADH (vasopressin)
Stimulates the kidneys to conserve water
65
Long term controls of bp counteract fluctuations in bp by altering blood volume.
altering blood volume.
66
Renin angiotensin mechanism
Indirect renal mechanism
67
Aldosterone
Hormone that enhances renal absorption
68
Tissue perfusion
Blood flow through body tissues
69
Tissue perforation is involved in
Divert of oxygen and nutrients to tissue cells Removal if waste from tissue cells Gas exchange in lungs Absorption of nutrients from digestive tract Urine formation
70
Autoregulation
Automatic adjustment of the blood flow to each tissue
71
Nitric oxide
Vasodilator | Releases when vasodilation is needed
72
Endothelial
Vasoconstrictor
73
4 routes across capillaries for different molecules
Lipid-soluble molecules diffuse through a lipid bilayer - fluid-filled intercellular capillary clefts - fenestrations - lg molecules transported in pinocytotic vesicles
74
Hydrostatic pressure
Force excerted by a fluid pressing against the wall.
75
Colloid osmotic pressure
Created by the presence Ina fluid of lg nondifusable molecules
76
Circulatory shock
Blood vessels are I adequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally.
77
Hypovolemic shock
Loss of blood
78
Vascular shock
Blood volume normal but circulation is poor due to abnormal expansion of the vascular bed caused by extreme vasodilation
79
Arteries run deep and veins run deep and superficial
deep and superficial

Anatomy and Physiology II (2 decks)

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