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Anatomy and Physiology II > Chapte 18 Cardiovascular--Heart > Flashcards

Chapte 18 Cardiovascular--Heart Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Why is the heart considered a transport system pump?

A 
Uses blood as the transport medium
Pumps oxygen
Nutrients
Wastes
Into blood vessels that service cells
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2
Q

Mediastinum

A

Medial cavity of the thorax

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3
Q

Pericardium

A

Double walled sac around heart

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4
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Superficial part of the pericardium

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5
Q

Serious pericardium

A

Serous membrane

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6
Q

Parietal layer

A

Lines the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

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7
Q

Visceral layer

A

Also called epicardium

Heart surface

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8
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Contains the serous fluid

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9
Q

3 layers of the heart wall

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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10
Q

What is the epicardium

A

Visceral layer of the serous pericardium

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11
Q

What is the myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle

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12
Q

What function does the myocardium have?

A

Contracts

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13
Q

Fibrous skeleton

A

Reinforces the myocardium

Anchors the cardiac muscle fibers

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14
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Sheet of endothelium that rests on a connective tissue layer
Lines the heart chambers
Covers the fibrous skeleton of the valves

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15
Q

What is the structure of the heart chambers?

A

2 superior atria
2 inferior ventricles
Interatrial septum
Inter ventricular septum

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16
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

Encircles the junction of the atria and ventricles

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17
Q

Anterior interventricular sulcus

A

Cradles the anterior interventricular artery

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18
Q

Posterior interventricular sulcus

A

Landmark of of the postinferior surface

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19
Q

Auricles

A

Increase the atrial volume

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20
Q

Pectinate muscles

A

Bundles of muscle tissue

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21
Q

Crista terminalis

A

C-shaped ridge

Separates the anterior/posterior regions of the right atrium

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22
Q

Fossa ovalis

A

Foremen ovale existed in the fetal heart

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23
Q

Blood pathway

A

Right atrium via 3 veins
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

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24
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Returns blood from the body regions superior to the diaphragm

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25
Inferior vena cava
Returns blood from body regions below the diaphragm
26
Coronary sinus
Collects blood draining from the myocardium
27
Four pulmonary veinstransport blood from the lungs back to the heart
Enter the left atrium
28
Trabeculae carneae
Irregular ridges along the internal walls of the ventricular chambers
29
What is the role of the ventricles?
Pumps out blood
30
Where does the right ventricle pump blood?
Pulmonary trunk
31
Pulmonary trunk
Routes blood to the lungs where gas exchange occurs
32
What function does the left ventricle have?
Ejects blood into the aorta
33
What is the aorta
Largest artery in the body!
34
What is a pulmonary circuit?
Blood vessels that carry blood to and from the the lungs
35
What is systemic circuit
Blood vessels that carry the blood supply to and for all body tissues
36
Pathway of pulmonary circulation
Blood returns from the body poorly oxygenated Enters the right atrium Right ventricle Pumps to the lungs via pulmonary trunk Unloads Carbon Dioxide and picks up Oxygen Oxygenated blood ferried by the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart.
37
Systemic circulation
Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs Returns to the left atrium Passes to the left ventricle Pumps into the aorta Transports by smaller systemic arteries to the blood tissues where gasses and nutrients are exchanged across capillary walls Deoxygenated blood returns through the systemic veins to right side of the heart Enters through the superior and inferior Venae Cava
38
Ventricles have 2 unequal loads
Pulmonary circuit served by the right ventricle, is a short, low pressure circulation Systemic circuit--left ventricle--takes a long pathway through the body
39
Coronary circulation
``` Functional blood supply of the heart Shortest circulation Right and left coronary arteries Comes from the base of the aorta Circles the heart in the coronary sulcus ```
40
Left coronary artery
Left side of the heart then divides into branches Anterior interventricular artery Circumflex artery
41
Anterior interventricular artery does what function?
Supplies blood interventricular septum and anterior walls of BOTH ventricles
42
Circumflex artery does what function?
Supplies the blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle
43
Right coronary artery has 2 branches
Right marginal artery | Posterior interventricular artery
44
Posterior interventricular artery runs to the heart apex Supplies the posterior ventricular walls Near the apex, artery merges with the interventricular artery
runs to the heart apex Supplies the posterior ventricular walls Near the apex, artery merges with the interventricular artery
45
Additional routes for blood delivery
Many anastomoses (junction) among the coronary arterial branches
46
Cardiac veins
Venous blood collected after it passes through the capillary beds of the myocardium.
47
Coronary sinus
Empties blood into the right atrium
48
Coronary sinus has 3 parts
Great cardiac vein | Middle and small cardiac vein
49
Anterior cardiac veins empty where?
Right atrium anteriorly
50
Angina pectoris
Thoracic pain caused by a defiency in blood delivery to the myocardium. Can be caused from stress-induced spasms of the coronary arteries or increased physical demands from the heart
51
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Heart attack
52
Atrioventricular valves (AV)
Prevent back flow into the atria
53
3 flexible cusps
Right AV valve (tricuspid)
54
Left AV valve (bicuspid)
2 flaps | Mitral valve
55
Chordae tendineae
Heart strings that anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles protruding to the ventricular walls
56
Function of the chordeae tendineae and papillary muscles
When the ventricles contract, the force of blood against the valves causing the valves to close.
57
Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles...
Anchor the valve flaps in closed position
58
When the heart is relaxed, the AV valve will...
Blood flows into atria then through the open AV valves into ventricles
59
Wen ventricles contract...
Blood compresses Intraventricular pressure increases Forces blood against the valve flap Flaps close valve
60
Aortic and pulmonary valves
Guard the bases of the large arteries issuing from the ventricles Prevent back flow
61
Pulmonary valve is also known as what?
Semilunar valve | SL
62
What function does the SL valve perform?
Fills the cusps | Closes the valves
63
What is valvular stenosis?
Stiffening of the valve flaps and constriction of opening | Results in the heart working harder
64
Cardiac muscle
``` Skeletal muscle Striated Contracts by sliding filament Short Fat Branched Interconnected ```
65
Intercellular spaces are filled with...
Endomysium | Capillaries
66
Intercalated disks
Contain desmosomes and gap junctions
67
Function of the desmosomes
Prevent adjacent cells from separating during contraction
68
Gap junction will...
Allow ions to pass from cell to cell | Transmit current across the heart
69
Functional syncytium
When the myocardium behaves as single coordinated units
70
Lg michrochondria acct for 25-35%of what
Cardiac cells
71
Automaticicity
Cells that initiate their own depolarization for the heart
72
Organ vs motor unit contraction
Skeletal muscle stimulate and contract at the same time Impulses don't spread from cell to cell Cardiac muscles work as a unit or not at all
73
Cardiac refractory period lasts how long?
250 ms
74
Intrinsic cardiac conduction system
No contractile cardiac cells initiate and distribute impulses throughout the heart Depolorizes
75
Autorhythmic cells
Pacemaker of the heart

Anatomy and Physiology II (2 decks)

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