Ch 19 - Infections Flashcards
Streptokinase
Enzyme virulence factor
Source: streptococci, staphylococci
Action: dissolve fibrin clot (produced by wbc); allow bacteria to travel through bloodstream – further spread of infection; prevent isolation of infection
Used therapeutically as a clot-dissolving medication for heart attacks and pulmonary embolisms
Hyaluronidase
Enzyme virulence factor
Source: streptococci, staphylococci
Action: digest hyaluronic acid (bind epithelial cells together); allows tissue penetration - pathogens spread to deeper tissue
Coagulase
Enzyme virulence factor
Source: staphylococcus aureus
Action: induces fibrin blood clot; protection against white blood cells and phagocytosis
Leukocidin
Toxin virulence factor
Cytotoxic
Source: staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci
Action: form pores and lyse wbc; destroy phagocytes – limited phagocytosis of pathogen
Hemolysins
Toxin virulence factor
Cytotoxin
Source: clostridia, staphylococci, streptococci
Action: lyse red blood cells – provide pathogen with source of iron for growth (needed for metabolism)
Anthrax toxin
Exotoxin
Organism: bacillus anthracis
Gene location: plasmid
Disease: anthrax
Botulism toxin
Exotoxin
Source - clostridium botulinum
Gene location: prophage
Disease: botulism
Enterotoxin A
Exotoxin
Source: staphylococcus aureus
Gene location: prophage
Disease: food poisoning
Pertussis toxin
Exotoxin
Source: bordatella pertussis
Gene location: chromosomal
Disease: pertussis/whooping cough
Coagulase-negative staphylococci
Nosocomial infection - blood infections
Staphylococcus aureus
Nosocomial infection - urinary, blood, lung, surgical site infections
Enterococcus species
Nosocomial infections - urinary tract, blood, surgical site infections
Candida species
Nosocomial infections - UTIs
Escherichia coli
Nosocomial infections - urinary and surgical site infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nosocomial infections - urinary, blood, surgical site infections
