Ch. 19 Nuerologic Emergencies

Question 1

Prevelance

Answer 1

refers to the total number of people in a given population

Question 2

Incidence

Answer 2

refers to the number of people newly diagnosed with particular disorder in a given 1 period year

Question 3

CNS

Answer 3

responsible for thought, perception, feeling, and autonomic body functions

Question 4

PNS

Answer 4

responsible for transmitting commands from the brain to the body and receiving feedback from the body

Question 5

Efferent Nerves

Answer 5

Take signals away from the brain

Question 6

Afferent nerves

Answer 6

Take signals to the brain

Question 7

Ptosis

Answer 7

prolapse of body part; often refers to drooping of the eyelid

Question 8

Anisocoria

Answer 8

unequal pupil with greater than 1-mm difference

Question 9

AVPU

Answer 9

Evaluation tool used to determine a patients level of consciousness

Question 10

GCS

Answer 10

Evaluation tool used to determine LOC

Question 11

Decorticate / Decerebrate Posturing

Answer 11

Decorticate: abnormal flexion of the arms toward the core

Decerebrate: abnormal extension of the arms; wrist turned outward and toes pointed

Question 12

Delirium vs Dementia

Answer 12

Delirium affects mainly attention, is typically caused by acute illness or drug toxicity (sometimes life threatening), and is often reversible.

Dementia affects mainly memory, is typically caused by anatomic changes in the brain, has slower onset, and is generally irreversible.

Question 13

Gait

Answer 13

walking or ambulating

Question 14

Ataxia

Answer 14

altercation in the ability to perform coordinated motions liked walking

Question 15

Psychosis

Answer 15

mental disorder; lost of contact with reality

Question 16

Agnosia

Answer 16

inability to connect and object with a name

Question 17

Apraxia

Answer 17

inability to connect an object with its proper usage

Question 18

Aphasia vs Dysphasia

Answer 18

no speech vs difficulty speaking

Question 19

Dysphagia

Answer 19

difficulty swallowing

Question 20

Hemiparesis

Answer 20

weakness to one side of the body

Question 21

Hemiplegia

Answer 21

paralysis to one side of the body

Question 22

Parasthesia

Answer 22

sensation of pens and needles

Question 23

Anesthesia

Answer 23

lack of feeling within in a body

Question 24

Dystonia

Answer 24

contraction of body into bizarre positions

Question 25

Tremors

Answer 25

fine involuntary, rhythmic movements usually involve hands and head

Question 26

Convulsions

Answer 26

involuntary contractions

Question 27

Seizure

Answer 27

abnormal electrical activity in the brain

Question 28

Encephalopathy

Answer 28

any brain disease that alters brain function or structure

Question 29

Diencephalon

Answer 29

Filters out unneeded information before it reaches the cerebral cortex

Question 30

Occipital General Function

Answer 30

Vision and storage of visual memories

Question 31

Parietal General funtions

Answer 31

Sense of touch and texture and storage of tactile memories

Question 32

Temporal General functions

Answer 32

Hearing Smell Language Storage of Sound and odor memories

Question 33

Prefrontal

Answer 33

Judgement and prediction of consequences of a person's actions Abstract intellectual thought

Question 34

Limbic System

Answer 34

Emotions | Basic Reflexes such as chewing and swallowing

Question 35

Diencephalon (Thalamus)

Answer 35

Relay center that priorities signals to hone in on important messages

Question 36

Diencephalon (Hypothalamus)

Answer 36

Emotions Temperature Control Interface with endocrine system

Question 37

Midbrain

Answer 37

LOC RAS - Reticular activating system Muscle Tone and posture

Question 38

Pons

Answer 38

Respiratory pattern and depth

Question 39

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 39

Pulse Rate BP RR

Question 40

Spinal Cord

Answer 40

Reflexes | Relay information to and from the body

Question 41

Eupnea

Answer 41

Regular rate and pattern; inspiration and expiration are equal

Question 42

Tachypnea

Answer 42

Increased RR Regular pattern Causes: Exercise Excitement Stimulants

Question 43

Bradypnea

Answer 43

Decreased RR Causes: Narcotics

Question 44

Apnea

Answer 44

Absence of breathing Causes: Severe Hypoxia

Question 45

Hyperpnea

Answer 45

Rapid, regular, deep RESPIRATIONS

Question 46

Cheyenne-Stokes

Answer 46

Gradual increases and decreases in respirations with periods of apnea Causes: Pre death pattern Brain stem Injury

Question 47

Boot / Ataxic

Answer 47

Irregular respirations with periods of apnea; unpredictable Causes: Brain stem injury

Question 48

Kussmaul

Answer 48

Extreme Tachypnea and Hyperpnea Causes: Acidosis Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Question 49

Apneustic

Answer 49

Prolonged inspiratory phase with shortened expiratory phase and Bradypnea Causes: Brain Injury

Question 50

Trismus

Answer 50

tightly clenched teeth

Question 51

Cushing reflex

Answer 51

Decreased pulse rate Decreased RR Widened pulse pressure (Systolic Hypertension)

Question 52

Explain the Widened Pulse Pressure which occurs ICP

Answer 52

The medulla sends a signal to the heart to increase contractions which raises the systolic pressure. If the ICP increases it causes pressure on the brain stem and the medulla cannot send signals to the body. Diastole falls through the increase of dialation of the vessels. This results in the widened pulse pressure

Question 53

What controls respiratory depth and rate?

Answer 53

The pons located inferior of the midbrain

Question 54

What controls BP and HR?

Answer 54

Medulla oblongata

Question 55

Emotions come from what part of the brain?

Answer 55

Two main areas: Limbic System and Hypothalamus

Question 56

Frontal Lobes controls:

Answer 56

Conscious thought Speech Smell Primary motor area

Question 57

Temporal Lobe controls:

Answer 57

Hearing | Reading

Question 58

Parietal Lobe controls:

Answer 58

Body awareness Primary Sensory Area Language Taste

Question 59

Occipital Lobe controls:

Answer 59

Vision

Question 60

Whats the major role of the Diencephalon?

Answer 60

To filter out uneeded information before it reaches the cerebral cortex

Question 61

Synapes

Answer 61

the slight gap located between each cell. They are present when a nerve cell terminates "connects" to the next cell using chemical transmitters such as dopamine, acetylcholine, epinephrine and serotonin.

Question 62

Myelin

Answer 62

a insulating sheath that allows for conduction and transmission for neurons.

Question 63

Trismus

Answer 63

Clenched teeth