Ch#2

Question 1

Epigenetic’s

Answer 1

How the environment changes gene expression.

environmental events influence how and when genes are activated or deactivated.

Question 2

Diathesis stress model

Answer 2

inherited tendency plus specific stressful conditions needed to express traits/behavior of a disorder

Question 3

Brain Stem is made up of?

Answer 3

• mid brain
• pond
• medulla

Question 4

Mid brain

Answer 4

Controls auditory and coordinates movement with sensory input

Question 5

pond

Answer 5

Bridge between the higher functioning brain

Question 6

medulla

Answer 6

breathing, pumping of heart, digestion

Question 7

central nervous system

Answer 7

consists of the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

cerebellum

Answer 8

motor coordination

Question 9

Reticular activating system

Answer 9

processes of arousal and tension

Question 10

Limbic system

Answer 10

emotional experiences/basic drives of sex, aggression, hunger, and thrist

Question 11

caudate nucleus

Answer 11

controls motor behavior; attention and cognitive control

Question 12

cerebral cortext

Answer 12

contains 80% of neurons in central nervous system

Question 13

left hemisphere

Answer 13

verbal and other cognitive processes

Question 14

right hemisphere

Answer 14

perceiving surrounding events and creating images

Question 15

temporal lobe

Answer 15

recognizing various sights and sounds

Question 16

occipital lobe

Answer 16

integrates various visual input

Question 17

frontal lobe

Answer 17

thinking and reasoning abilities

Question 18

peripheral nervous system

Answer 18

coordination with brain stem to ensure body is working properly

Question 19

somatic nervous system

Answer 19

controls our muscles

Question 20

automatic nervous system

Answer 20

regulates the cardiovascular system and endocrine system

Question 21

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 21

mobilizes body during times of stress

Question 22

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

re-normalizes body after arousal

Question 23

pituitary glad

Answer 23

master or coordinator of endocrine system

Question 24

cingulate gyrus

Answer 24

belt like structure over the septal

Question 25

Acetylcholine

Answer 25

slows ANS activity; eating. drinking, neuromuscular junction; involved in learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming

Question 26

Dopamine

Answer 26

plays important role in arousal. Positive mood

Question 27

epinephrine

Answer 27

increases ANS activity; fight or flight response

Question 28

Norepinephrine

Answer 28

aafects CNS activity; plays role in increasing alertness, attention

Question 29

serotonin

Answer 29

plays role in mood, sleep, eating, temperature regulation

Question 30

GABA

Answer 30

is the major inhibitor neurotransmitter in the brain; slows CNS function; correlates with anxiety and depression

Question 31

Glutamate

Answer 31

is the most common excitatoty neurotransmitter in the brain; involved in learning and memory

Question 32

what does oversupply of dopamine cause?

Answer 32

oversupply correlates with schizophrenia

Question 33

what does low supply of dopamine cause?

Answer 33

low supply correlates with Parkinson's

Question 34

what does low levels of serotonin cause?

Answer 34

Low levels cause symptoms of anxiety/ depression and OCD

Question 35

what does low levels of GABA cause?

Answer 35

low levels cause ADHD, insomnia, hypertension, panic disorder, mood disorder

Question 36

what does high levels of Glutamate cause?

Answer 36

high levels cause anxiety, ADHD, fibromyalgia

Question 37

hypothalamus

Answer 37

master regulator; responsible for our drive and motivation

Question 38

Basal ganglia

Answer 38

voluntary motor control

Question 39

hormones

Answer 39

chemical messengers that travel through our blood streams to our tissues, muscles, and organs

Question 40

metabolism

Answer 40

the process in which your body converts nutrition into energy

Question 41

Adrenal gland

Answer 41

produces epinephrine in response to stress

Question 42

thyroid

Answer 42

works with endocrine system to regulate hormones; could be hypo (works slowly) or hyper (works fast, over processing)

Question 43

somatic

Answer 43

voluntary movement

Question 44

autonomic

Answer 44

controls involuntary muscle movements i.e sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 45

pancreas

Answer 45

responsible for insulin supply, regulating blood sugar levels

Question 46

pituitary

Answer 46

regulating hormones control and release them to the rest of your body (master gland)

Question 47

what system is closely related to immune system?

Answer 47

endocrine is closely related to this system and is an indicator in stress and sex disorders

Question 48

psychotropic drugs

Answer 48

drugs for psychiatric reasons. increase or decrease uptake of neurotransmitter

Question 49

agonist

Answer 49

increase activity of neurotransmitter by mimicking its function

Question 50

antagonist

Answer 50

decrease or block neurotransmitter

Question 51

inverse agonists

Answer 51

increases the production of chemicals that deactivate neurotransmitter

Question 52

Critical and sensitive periods

Answer 52

periods in our lives that effect our development. earliest experiences effects us over our lifetimes

Question 53

what are two forms of Locus of control?

Answer 53

internal and external

Question 54

Internal locus of control

Answer 54

when you feel you have control of your life

Question 55

external locus of control

Answer 55

when you feel like outside sources have control of your life

Question 56

learned helplessness

Answer 56

lack of behavior showed by person or organism when they encounter conditions were no control is possible. this might cause a person to feel helpless, might then cause depression

Question 57

cognitive triad

Answer 57

persons perspective of themselves, others and the world

Question 58

mood and affect

Answer 58

- mood: persistent pervasive way of understanding a person | - affect: momentary emotional tone