Ch 2

Question 1

Congenital disease

Answer 1

An inherited disease that is present at birth or later in life.

Question 2

Congenital disorders can be

Answer 2

Chromosomal, single gene or multi factorial

Question 3

Chromosomal disorders

Answer 3

Come from an abnormality of a whole or partial chromosome

Question 4

Single gene disorder

Answer 4

More likely to a recessive or an inherited disorder

Question 5

Multi factorial disorders

Answer 5

Come from the abnormality of many abnormal genes resulting in brain or heart diseases

Question 6

parenteral nutrition

Answer 6

Nutrition given by injection

Question 7

Enteral route

Answer 7

Peg tube (per cutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy) feeding tube placed during per cutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy procedure

Question 8

Hyperplasia

Answer 8

Overgrowth of the same tissue is response to stimuli

Question 9

Neoplasm

Answer 9

Tumors, new growths made of different cells or tissue

Question 10

Benign

Answer 10

Non cancerous

Question 11

Malignant

Answer 11

Cancerous

Question 12

Cachexia

Answer 12

Wasting away

Question 13

Acquired immunity

Answer 13

Developed over time as the body is exposed to pathogenic organisms and learns to combat them

Question 14

Active acquired immunity

Answer 14

Happens when the body is exposed to a pathogen and make antibodies to defend itself

Question 15

Passive acquired immunity

Answer 15

Happens with vaccines

Question 16

Cell mediated immunity

Answer 16

Body’s chief defender from foreign substances

Question 17

Humoral immunity

Answer 17

Comes from circulating antibodies like immunoglobulins

Question 18

Autoimmunity

Answer 18

The body turns on itself

Question 19

Immunodeficiency

Answer 19

Body is unable to defend itself from pathogens

Question 20

Wheals

Answer 20

Itchy raised red patches

Question 21

Anaphylaxis

Answer 21

Serious allergic reaction that results in loss of blood pressure

Question 22

Non specific inflammation

Answer 22

Immunity that is permanent, born with, native or innate

Question 23

Specific immune response

Answer 23

Developed through life adaptive

Question 24

Opportunistic organisms

Answer 24

Wipes out normal flora and uses opportunity to invade

Question 25

Bacteria

Answer 25

Single cell microorganisms that cause major infection

Question 26

Primary infection

Answer 26

First exposure to bacterial infection, exposure

Question 27

Secondary infection

Answer 27

A developed infection as a result of another illness

Question 28

Viruses

Answer 28

Smaller than bacteria but need a host to survive

Question 29

Capsid

Answer 29

Outer covering of the virus that has genetic coding

Question 30

Mycosis

Answer 30

Fungi that cause disease

Question 31

Rickettsiae

Answer 31

Nonmotile bacteria, needs a host to live and spread Ex: lice, ticks, fleas and mites

Question 32

Protozoa

Answer 32

One cell member in the animal kingdom

Question 33

Helminths

Answer 33

Parasitic worms. Ex: flatworms, roundworms, and flukes

Question 34

Anthelmintics

Answer 34

Drug class used to treat worms

Question 35

Pin worm

Answer 35

Most common parasitic intestinal worm in US

Question 36

Hookworms

Answer 36

Mostly in tropical regions commonly affects wounds in the feet

Question 37

Hyperemia

Answer 37

Increases blood flow

Question 38

Neutrophil

Answer 38

Major WBC, part of innate immunity

Question 39

Exudate

Answer 39

Leaks out

Question 40

Diapedesis

Answer 40

Exudate crosses the semipermeable membrane and moves to the tissue

Question 41

Phagocytosis

Answer 41

Neutrophils ingest the pathogen to kill it

Question 42

Pus or purulent exudate

Answer 42

Yellow or white colored fluid with dead neutrophils

Question 43

Chemotaxis

Answer 43

Ability of neutrophils to be triggered to go to a certain region in the body

Question 44

Granuloma

Answer 44

The calcification of macrophages and fibrous tissue formed by collagen

Question 45

Serous exudate

Answer 45

Clear and has small amounts of protein

Question 46

Fibrinous exudate

Answer 46

Has fibrinogen which is needed for the clotting process

Question 47

Lesion

Answer 47

Tissue or wound abnormality that comes from disease or physical trauma

Question 48

Abscess

Answer 48

Tissue that forms around the infection and has pus

Question 49

Ulcer

Answer 49

Sores that are internal or external and are cavitous or crater like that results in sloughing off tissue

Question 50

Cellulitis

Answer 50

Bacterial infection in the skin that causes acute inflammation that warm and tender to the touch

Question 51

Regenerative cell growth 3 ways

Answer 51

Miotic cells, facultative miotic cells, non dividing cells

Question 52

Mitotic cells

Answer 52

Always dividing and found throughout the body

Question 53

Facultative miotic cells

Answer 53

Divide only when needed to replace damaged cells

Question 54

Non dividing cells

Answer 54

Don’t divide when damaged making it impossible for affected cells to heal or regain function

Question 55

Primary union or first intention

Answer 55

Edges of the wound are clean and result in minimal damage to tissue

Question 56

Secondary union or secondary intention

Answer 56

Large wounds loaded with debris and bacteria, making it difficult to heal

Question 57

Debridement

Answer 57

Medical intervention that speeds up the recovery process by washing and removing foreign material and necrotic tissue

Question 58

Keloid

Answer 58

Wound complication that happens when excess collagen forms, smooth hard and sensitive to touch

Question 59

Dehiscence

Answer 59

When scar is not able to develop enough strength and the wound reopens

Question 60

Adhesion

Answer 60

Normally developed internal scar but the organ sticks to the surface of adjacent structures