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Patho Phys > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Food and Drug Administration FDA

A

Federal agency ensures drugs are safe to use and prescribed drugs will be the same

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2
Q

1906 Pure food and drug act

A

Forces manufacturers that produce drugs for sale in the US to begin following minimum standards for purity, strength and quality

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3
Q

1938 Federal Food, drug and cosmetic act

A

Requires that all new rx drugs and OTC drugs be deemed safe by the FDA before marketing drugs, cosmetics and devices to the public

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4
Q

1970 Controlled Substances act (CSA)

A

Categorizes drugs by medical uses, the potential for drug abuse and/or dependency; requires those with prescribing or distributing privileges have a DEA# to stop fraud

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5
Q

1983 Orphan Drug act

A

Gives financial incentives to manufacturers that develop drugs to treat rare diseases

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6
Q

Acute pain

A

Sudden onset of pain

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7
Q

Chronic pain

A

Prolonged pain

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8
Q

Drug enforcement agency (DEA)

A

Established to enforce provisions of the 1970 controlled supply act

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9
Q

Drug legend

A

Statement warning that any distribution without a RX is prohibited by federal law

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10
Q

National Formulary (NF)

A

Book of preparations and standards for pharmaceuticals

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11
Q

Omnibus budget reconciliation act (OBRA) of 1990

A

Legislation that mandates pharmacies to ask customers if they would like to be educated about their meds at time of purchase

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12
Q

Over the counter (OTC)

A

Any meds bought without a prescription

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13
Q

Schedule I

A

Listing of drugs not currently used in medical treatment that have a high potential for abuse

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14
Q

Schedule II

A

Listing of drugs that have usage in medical treatment but with severe restrictions because of a high potential for abuse

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15
Q

Schedule III

A

List of drugs currently used in med treatment that has less of a potential for abuse that drugs in schedules I and II

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16
Q

Schedule IV

A

Listing of drugs currently used in medical treatment but have a slight potential for abuse

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17
Q

Schedule V

A

Currently used for medical treatment with less potential for abuse than drugs in schedule IV, slight possibility for abuse and may cause limited physical or psychological dependence

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18
Q

US pharmacopeia (USP)

A

Collection of drug standards and testing that determines the strength, purity and quality of a drug

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19
Q

US Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary (USP-NF)

A

A reference compiled by combining the USP and the NF to form one source

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20
Q

Brand names

A

Proprietary drug name owned by a company

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21
Q

Chemical name

A

Drug name used to describe the anatomic or molecular structure of a substance

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22
Q

Drug classification

A

Method used to group drugs in a meaningful way

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23
Q

Formulary

A

List of medications offered in a particular hospital or health care system

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24
Q

Generic name

A

Name not owned any a particular pharm company

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25
Official name
Name given by the USP/NF after the drug has been approved for
26
Pharmacokinetics
Pertains to genetic differences that can cause drug to affect us in different ways, whether therapeutically or adversely
27
Pharmacogenomics
Analyzes human genes to better understand how an individuals genetics affects the body
28
Pharmacotherapy
The act of giving drugs targeted to treat disease
29
Prescription
Written orders for a certain therapy or med; also called scripts
30
Prototype
Drug that typifies a certain drug classification
31
Therapeutic level
Preferred level of a drug required to treat disease
32
Toxicology
Study of a chemicals & pharmacologic actions on the body with poisons and antidotes
33
Trade name
Proprietary name owned by a pharmaceutical company to market its creation to the public, brand name
34
Us Adopted Names Council
Group that gives names to generic meds
35
Absolute contraindication
Med or procedure is life threatening and the benefits don't outweigh the risks, should not be administered
36
Adverse reactions
Can occur suddenly or over time & range from patient discomfort to possible death, side effects
37
American health System Formulary service (AHFS)
Book mostly for pharmacists that covers drug stability and chemical info
38
Cautions
List of certain pts that have conditions under which a drug should be used with close supervision
39
Contraindications
List of reasons why a certain drug should not be given
40
Drug actions
Interactions between a drug & body at the cellular level
41
Interaction
List of items that can interact & change a drug's effect
42
Labeled indications
Uses for what the drug is interested to treat
43
Non labeled indication
When a drug or med is used to treat a condition for which it is not approved, can be used if research shows it beneficial
44
Physicians desk reference (PDR)
Collection of specific drug info required by the FDA from drug manufacturer that includes pics of meds
45
Relative contraindication
Drug or procedure that is only done if benefits outweigh the risks
46
Side effects
Undesirable experience of meds that can occur fast or over time, adverse reactions
47
Chemoinformatics
Use of analytical data about the properties, structure and molecular activities of chemical compounds used to design a drug
48
Investigational new drugs (IND)
3 step process for a drug to be approved by the FDA for clinical use
49
Local effect
Stimulation of a certain part or region of the body
50
Pharmacognosy
Studies the natural sources of pharmaceutical
51
Semisynthetic
Drug having a natural origin with a chemically altered variation
52
Synthetic
Chemically manufactured drug
53
Systemic effect
Effect of a drug on the entire body
54
Investigational new drugs (IND)
3 step process for a drug to be approved by the FDA for clinical use
55
Absorption
Drug dissolution into the patient's bloodstream
56
Agonist
Subs that binds to a receptor site & causes a response
57
Additive
Effect that occurs when 2 drugs are taken separately, but at the same time together, summarize effect when 2 drugs are taken together
58
Potentiation
When 2 or more drugs have increased response or a prolonged effect when given together
59
Synergism
Effect when 2 or more drugs work together to reach an increased effect much greater than if either drug was given alone
60
Antagonist
Blocks a desired effect, when 2 drugs are given & they cancel out the desired effect
61
Bioavailability
Measurement of how much of a drug is found in our bloodstream
62
Biotransforms
Chemical changes of a drug in the body as a result of metabolism
63
Cumulative effect
Occurs when a drug is not eliminated from the body & the drug level accumulates
64
Excretion
Stage at which the drug has been broken down to be eliminated from the body
65
Ionized
Charged state in which drugs will not be absorbed until they reach a certain environment that allows them to become ionized, then they can be absorbed
66
Lipid (fat) solubility
Ability to dissolve in lipids. Subs with low fat solubility are absorbed at a slower rate. While those with a high fat solubility are absorbs faster
67
Metabolized
when a drug is broken down or biotransformed primarily done in the liver
68
Nonionized
Noncharged state during which drugs can be absorbed through the membranes of the body & into the blood
69
Ph
For drugs, it's the range from acidity to alkalinity in the GI tract
70
Pharmacodynamics
Actions from a drug in the body
71
Pharmacokinetics
Movement of a drug through the body from absorption to elimination
72
Prodrugs
Drugs that only become active as they are broken down into metabolites
73
Selective distribution
Occurs when drugs have a greater affinity to reach a certain area than others, such as a cell or organ in the body
74
Therapeutic range
Amount of drug present in the blood that gives the desired effect without causing any toxicity or side effects
75
Volume of distribution (VD)
Areas where a drug can be distributed in the body
76
Anaphylaxis reaction
A severe & potentially life threatening allergic reaction to a drug
77
Booster dose
Given to maintain the desired immune response of a primary immuniztion
78
Dependence
Occurs when a person has a desire or a need for a drug
79
Half life (T 1/2)
The time for a drug dose to decreases by half after it is administrered
80
Hypersensitivity
When a pt has an allergic reaction to a substance
81
Idiosyncratic reaction
Type of adverse drug reaction that is uncommon in reponse to a drug
82
Lethal dose
Drug dose causing death
83
Loading dose
Larger Initial dose given to quickly establish the desired therapeutic effect
84
Maintenance dose
Drug dose given to maintain a desired dose of drug in the blood
85
Maximum dose
Largest dose without causing a toxic effect
86
Minimum dose
Smallest dose of a drug required to obtain the desired therapeutic effect
87
Paradoxical reaction
Drug reaction that does the opposite of what was intended
88
Pregnancy category A
Category of drug that has been studied & shown to have no adverse fetal effects
89
Pregnancy category B
Category of drug tested on animals with no adverse effects but not tested on pregnant women
90
Pregnancy category C
Category of drug with no convincing studies done on animals or pregnant women to determine adverse effects
91
Pregnancy category D
Category of drugs showing adverse effects to fetus & given only when benefits to mother outweigh fetal risk
92
Pregnancy category X
Category of drugs showing adverse fetal affects & not to be used under any circumstances
93
Steady state
Method of drug administration where the same amount of drug is eliminated as administration therefore giving a predictable effect
94
Teratogenic effect
Drugs that can cause physical malformation in a fetus
95
Therapeutic dose
The dose needed to obtain the desired effect
96
Tolerance
Happens when a drug is taken repeatedly & had less effect on the person so a larger dose is required
97
Toxic dose
Side effects that can results in poisoning the path

Patho Phys (6 decks)

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