Ch. 2 Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a(n)
A
compound and a molecule
2
Q
The pH is a scale that measures
A
concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution
3
Q
Large carbohydrates are formed from smaller units called
A
monosaccharides
4
Q
From the periodic table what information about an element could be found
A
number of electrons, protons, and neutrons (mass number, atomic number)
5
Q
The reaction of Na + Cl –> NaCl is an example of a(n) _____ reaction
A
synthesis
6
Q
All of the synthesis reactions in the body are called
A
anabolism
7
Q
When molecules are formed by sharing electrons equally, those molecules are called
A
non-polar covalent
8
Q
Heat energy is
A
energy that flows between objects with different temperatures
9
Q
The primary structure of a protein is
A
the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
10
Q
Adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain are held together by
A
peptide bonds
11
Q
Consider the following five terms. Which term does not belong with the other four terms
a. glucose
b. disacchiaride
c. sucrose
d. lactose
e. maltose
A
glucose (monosaccharide)
12
Q
Saline given to a patient to avoid dehydration is a solution of
A
sodium chloride (NaCl)
13
Q
Proteins are composed of building blocks called
A
amino acids
14
Q
The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction
A
can be lowered by enzymes
15
Q
Catabolism is a collective term for all the body’s ____ reactions
A
decompostion
16
Q
An example of macromolecules in our body includes:
a. nucleic acids
b. proteins
c. carbohydrates
d. lipids
e. all of the above
A
all of the above
17
Q
Lemon juice and vinegar are ____ in nature
A
acidic
18
Q
Which of the following is a component of a nocleotide
A
adenine— a nitrogen base
19
Q
Atomic number of an element is determined by the
A
number of protons
20
Q
Which of the following reactions represents decomposition reaction
A
AB –> A + B
21
Q
An enzyme is
A
a protein catalyst
22
Q
An element has 7 electrons, 7 protons, and 7 neutrons. What will be the atomic weight of the element
A
14 (protons and neutrons)
23
Q
A neutral atom contains
A
the same number of electrons and protons
24
Q
Which of the following statements best describes RNA
A
RNA is a single-stranded molecule
25
which of the following organic groups does steroid belong to
lipid
26
An organic molecule consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur; the molecule is probably
an amino acid
27
Which of the following is a carbohydrate
sucrose
28
An anion is
a negatively charged ion (aNion --> N --> negative charge)
29
Which of the following chemical reactions best represent the synthesis of ATP
a. ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy
b. ADP + Pi + energy → ATP + H2O
c. ADP + ADP + ADP →ATP + energy
d. ATP + energy → ADP + H2O
e. ATP + ADP → ATP
ADP + Pi + energy → ATP + H2O
30
A cation is
a positively charged ion (caTion --> + --> positive)
31
When a solute is dissolved in any solvent, the resulting mixture is called
solution
32
The presence of water in our bodies allows us to:
a. cool the body with sweat.
b. maintain a fairly constant body temperature.
c. provide an environment for chemical reactions.
d. keep tissues moist and reduce friction.
e. All of these choices are correct.
all of these choices are correct
33
A solution that resists changes in pH when H+ or OH- ions are added to it, is called a(n)
buffer
34
Kinetic energy is
the form of energy that actually does work
35
Normal pH for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Maintenance of the pH in this range is
critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH
36
Which of the following is a source of nitrogen for the body
proteins
37
Atoms are the smallest particles of any ____ carrying all the properties of that element
element
38
A buffer will
resist drastic changes in the pH of the solutions
39
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. In terms of figure D, what does "E" represent
N/A
40
Glucose is the
major nutrient for most body cells
41
A simple carbohydrate is characterized by
having a molecular formula of C6H12O6
42
A chemical reaction in which pairs of two different molecules trade positions with one another is called ____
exchange
43
What type of covalent bond is formed between amino acid molecules during protein synthesis
peptide bond
44
Carbon dioxide in our body is present
as a result of respiration
45
Isotopes of the same element have
the same atomic number (protons) but differ their mass numbers (protons+electrons)
46
Ribose is the
sugar found in RNA and ATP
47
Which of the following is a synthesis reaction:
a. Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.
b. Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.
c. Sodium chloride is dissolved in water.
d. Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.
e. ATP is converted to ADP.
Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.
48
Which of the following organic groups does lactose belong to
carbohydrate
49
A reduction reaction is always accompanied by
an oxidation reaction
50
Peptide bonds are found in all molecules of
proteins
51
The most penetrating and harmful type of ionizing radiation produced by uranium and plutonium is ____ radiation
gamma
52
Elections are
the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms
53
The four most abundant elements in the human body are
carbon, hydrogen oxygen, and nitrogen (C,H,O,N)
54
Chemical energy
is a form of potential energy within chemical bonds
55
What is the correct complementary strand of CATGTC? (DNA)
GTACAG (DNA)
56
Deoxyribose is a sugar found in
DNA
57
Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of bond is found at "B"
N/A
58
The amount of matter in an object is its
mass
59
A group of water molecules are held together by
hydrogen bonds
60
A general characteristic of nucleic acids is that they are
all composed of building blocks called nucleotides
61
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body
protection
62
Subatomic particles located around the nucleus of an atom are
electrons (around)
63
Bonding is necessary for the formation
molecules
64
A base is defined as a chemical that
accepts H+
65
A(n) _____ is any chemical that easily donates electrons to other chemicals
reducing agent
66
When hydrogen ion concentration increase, pH
decreases
67
The energy stored in ATP is a form of _____ energy
chemical
68
The molecule used most frequently by cells as fuel belongs to which of the following groups
carbohydrates (key word fuel --> energy --> sugar)
69
ATP
serves as the energy currency of the cell
70
A protein can become denatured when
weak hydrogen bonds are broken
71
Energy is
the capacity to do work
72
Which function of protein is NOT correctly matched with the example:
a. transport - hemoglobin
b. structure - collagen and keratin
c. regulation - enzymes and hormones
d. protection - packing around organs and glands
e. contraction - actin and myosin in muscles
protection - packing around organs and glands
73
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane.
N/A
74
What molecule is produced as a waste product of the metabolism of glucose by cells
carbon dioxide
75
Solution A increases its acidity. This means the the number of hydrogen ions has
increased
76
Which of the following is an organic compound
sucrose (C12H22O11) because of the carbon and hydrogen (key word organic)
77
A molecule is said to be ____ when it gains one or more electrons
reduced
78
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. In terms of figure D, what does "A" represent?
polar region (hydrophilic, likes water)
79
Carbohydrates contain units known as
monosaccarides (building blocks of carbohydrates)
80
A molecule is
a combination of atoms held together by chemical bonds
81
Inorganic substances dissolve in water or react with water to release ions. Thus they are known as
electrolytes
82
Which of the following is mismatched
a. ribose--RNA
b. enzyme--protein
c. cholesterol--nucleic acid
d. triglyceride--fat
e. eicosanoid--prostaglandin
cholesterol--nucleic acid
83
Carbohydrates are also known as
the primary source of energy
84
The molecular formula H2O means
2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
85
A major function of Deoxyribo Nucleic Acids (DNA) is that DNA
stores genetic information
86
The smallest particle of an element that still exhibits the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n)
atom
87
Which of the following lists the components of a nucleotide
a. monosaccharide—organic base—sucrose
b. phosphate—monosaccharide—organic base. (PMO)
c. phosphate—sucrose—amino acid
d. monosaccharide—amino acid—phosphate
phosphate—monosaccharide—organic base. (PMO)
88
Chemical substances that dissolve in water or react with water to release ions are known as
electrolytes
89
Physical and chemical changes occurring in the body are defined as
metabolism
90
Which of the following organic groups does an enzyme belong to:
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
proteins
91
Sodium chloride (NaCl) is considered a(n)
compound
92
An atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which of the following statements is true:
a. chlorine has an atomic number of 18
b. chlorine has a mass number of 35
c. chlorine has a mass number of 18
d. chlorine has an atomic number of 35
chlorine has a mass number of 35
93
Organic compounds are those that always contain
carbon and hydrogen
94
Which of the following organic groups does hemoglobin belong to:
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. nucleic acids
protein
95
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "B" represent on the diagram?
nonpolar (hydrophobic) region
96
Lipids are
an important component of cell membranes
97
Which of the following does DNA belong to:
a. proteins
b. carbohydrates
c. lipids
d. nucleic acids
nucleic acids
98
An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. How many neutrons does this atom have
20
99
The primary structure of a protein is determined by the
sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain
100
Electrolytes are substances that
ionize when dissolved in water
101
Molecules that form when electrons are shared unequally between atoms are called
polar molecules
102
The pH value is
determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions
103
What is a proton
A proton has one positive charge, mass of one unit and found in the nucleus
104
How many strands of nucleic acids are there in a DNA molecule
2
105
To maintain homeostasis, which of the following conditions are necessary:
a. Electrolytic imbalance is necessary.
b. Water volume has to be very low.
c. Electrolyte balance is key for maintaining homeostasis.
d. There should not be any formation of ions.
electrolyte balance is key for maintaining
106
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "D" represent on the diagram?
N/A
107
Arrange the following from largest to smallest:
1. nucleus
2. DNA
3. skin cell
4. chicken eggs
4,3,1,2
108
Starch is the
storage carbohydrates in plants
109
Synthesis reactions are particularly important in the body for
growth of body parts
110
Lipids can
insulate and help prevent heat loss
111
Covalent bonds form when
electrons are shared between two atoms
112
A covalent bond is characterized by
sharing of electrons by atoms
113
The molecular formula C6H12O6 means it has the following constituents
6 carbons, 12 hydrogens, and 6 oxygen atoms
114
Solution A has a pH of 10 and solution B has a pH of 2. Which of the following statements about these solutions is true?
a. solution B has a high hydrogen ion concentration than solution A
b. solution A has a high hydrogen ion concentration than solution B
c. solution B is basic
d. solution A is acidic
solution B has a high hydrogen ion concentration than solution A
115
ATP:
a. can be synthesized from ADP.
b. stores and releases energy in the cell.
c. is associated with a reversible reaction.
d. is associated with anabolism and catabolism.
e. All of these choices are correct.
All of these choices are correct
116
The number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12 is called
Avogadro's number (idk if we need to know this)
117
Nucleotides are
the building blocks of nucleic acids
118
Which of the following is a use of radioactive isotopes:
a. treat cancer
b. diagnose disorders
c. sterilize materials
d. all of the above
all of the above
119
The mass number of an atom is the number of
neutrons plus protons in the atom
120
Tissues can suffer extensive damage from _____, due to the lack of antioxidants in the body
free radicals
121
What is the building block molecule of a protein
amino acids
122
Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the decomposition of ATP?
a. ATP + ADP → ATP
b. ADP + ADP + ADP → ATP
c. ATP + energy → ADP + H2O
d. ADP + Pi + energy → ATP + H2O
e. ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy
ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi + energy
123
Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions?
a. temperature
b. concentration of reactants
c. presence of catalysts
d. presence of enzymes
e. All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions.
All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions.
124
In ionic bonding
electrons are transferred from one atom to another
125
The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in molecule of water are held together by
polar covalent bonds
126
A substance that will increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed is called a(n)
catalyst
