Ch 2 Flashcards
(18 cards)
Genotype
Complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics
Chromosomes
Rodlike structures that store and transmit genetic information
Protein coding genes
Directly affect our body’s characteristics
Regulator genes
Modify the instructions given by protein coding genes
Gametes
Sex cells - the sperm and ovum
Meiosis
Gametes are formed through this process
Zygote
Sperm and ovum unite at conception
Autosomes
22 of 23 pairs of chromosomes are matching pairs
Chromosomes
Twenty third pair either X or Y
Allele
Two forms of gene, one from the father and mother
Incomplete dominance
A pattern of inheritance in which both alleles are expressed in the phenotype, resulting in a combined trait, or one that is intermediate between the two
X linked inheritance
When a harmful allele is carried on the X chromosome, males are more likely to be affected because their sex chromosomes do not match
Socioeconomic status
1 years of education
2 prestige of one’s job and the skill it requires, both of which measures social status
3 income
Gene environment interaction
Because of their genetic makeup, individuals differ in their responsiveness to qualities of the environment
Gene environment correlation
Genes influence the environments to which we are exposed
Niche picking
Tendency to actively choose environments that complement our heredity
Methylation
Biochemical process triggered by certain experiences, where a methyl group lands on top of a gene and changes its impact, reducing or silencing it’s expression
Phenotype
Directly observable characteristics
