Ch 2.

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

A nerve cell or a neuron consist of many different parts

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

Branching extensions at the cell body that receive messages from other neurons

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

Long single extension of a neuron

Question 4

Action potential

Answer 4

Neural impulse is a brief electrical change that travels down an axon and is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in and out of channels in the axons membrane

Question 5

Synapse

Answer 5

A junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron

Question 6

Neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Chemicals released from the sending neuron that travel across the synapse and bind the receptor sites on the receiving neuron thereby influencing it to generate an action potential

Question 7

Endorphins

Answer 7

Morphine within-natural opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure

Question 8

Nervous system

Answer 8

Consists of all the nerve cells it is the bodies speedy electrochemical communication system

Question 9

Central nervous system

CNS

Answer 9

The brain and spinal cord

Question 10

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 10

The sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

Question 11

Sensory

Answer 11

Carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS

Question 12

Motor

Answer 12

Carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands

Question 13

Interneurons

Answer 13

Connects the two neurons

Question 14

Hormones

Answer 14

Are chemicals synthesized by endocrine glands that are secreted into the bloodstream hormones affect the brain and many other tissues of the body

Question 15

Adrenal gland

Answer 15

A pair of endocrine searing glands that said above the kidneys and secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

Question 16

Pituitary gland

Answer 16

The endocrine systems most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

the master gland

Question 17

Somatic nervous system

Answer 17

The division of the peripheral nervous system that Controls the body’s skeleton muscles also called the skeletal nervous system

Question 18

Automatic nervous system

Answer 18

The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs(heart) its sympathetic division arouses: it’s parasympathetic division calms

Question 19

EEG

Answer 19

An amplified recording of the electrical waves sweeping across the brains surface measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

Question 20

MRI

Answer 20

Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of brain tissue

Question 21

PET

Answer 21

A visual display of brain activity that detects a radioactive isotope while the brain performs a given task

Question 22

FMRI

Answer 22

Scan of a brain while a research participant is lying about the cards being held

Question 23

Brain

Answer 23

The brain stem begins where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. It is responsible for automatic survival functions

Question 24

Brainstem

Answer 24

Includes the medulla the reticular formation and the thalamus

Question 25

Medulla

Answer 25

The base of the brainstem controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 26

Thalamus

Answer 26

The brains sensory control center located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the medulla and cerebellum

Question 27

Cerebellum

Answer 27

The "little brain" at the rear of the brainstem functions include processing sensory input coordinating movement, output, and balance and enabling nonverbal learning and memory

Question 28

Limbic system

Answer 28

Natural system located below the cerebral hemispheres associated with emotions and drives

Question 29

Amygdala

Answer 29

Two Lima bean sized neural clusters in the limbic system linked to emotion

Question 30

Hypothalamus

Answer 30

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities, helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and is linked to emotion and reward

Question 31

Cerebral cortex

Answer 31

The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information- processing center

Question 32

Frontal lobes

Answer 32

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

Question 33

Parietal loves

Answer 33

Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; receives information from the visual fields

Question 34

Temporal lobes

Answer 34

Lying behind the ears. Receiving information primarily from the opposite ear

Question 35

Plasticity

Answer 35

Refers to the brains ability to modify itself after home types injury or Illness

Question 36

Divided

Answer 36

Our brain is divided in two hemispheres right and left

Question 37

Corpus callosum

Answer 37

Is a wide band of axon fibers that connects the two hemispheres

Question 38

Myelin sheath

Answer 38

A fatty tissue later segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next

Question 39

Glial cells

Answer 39

Cells in the nervous system that support nourism and protect neurons ; they also pay a role in learning thinking and memory