Ch.4

Question 1

Sequence of parental development: CONCEPTION

Answer 1

A single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating of the egg (female) and fuses to form one fertilized cell.

Question 2

Sequence of parental development:

ZYGOTE

Answer 2

A fertilized egg that grows to about 100 cells, which become increasingly diverse.

Question 3

How many days does it take a zygote to become an embryo?

Answer 3

14

Question 4

How many weeks does it take for an embryo to turn into a fetus?

Answer 4

9.

Question 5

Sequence of parental development: EMBRYO

Answer 5

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

Question 6

Sequence of parental development: FETUS

Answer 6

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

Question 7

Teratogens

Answer 7

(“Monster maker”)

Agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

Question 8

Maturation

Answer 8

The development of the brain unfolds based on genetic instructions, causing various motor skills and mental functions to develop in sequence— standing before walking, babbling before talking— this is called maturation.

Question 9

Habituation

Answer 9

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner

Question 10

Rooting reflex helps babies locate food T or F?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Critical period

Answer 11

An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

Question 12

Cognitive development

Answer 12

Jean Piaget believed that the driving force behind intellectual development is our biological development amidst experiences with the environment. Our cognitive development is shaped by the errors we make.

Question 13

Stage one: SENSORIMOTOR

Answer 13

The stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

Question 14

Stage two: PRE OPERATIONAL

Answer 14

The stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete learning.

Question 15

Conservation

Answer 15

The principle (which Piaget believed to be apart of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the despite changes in the forms of objects.

Question 16

Egocentrism

Answer 16

The pre operational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

Question 17

Theory of mind

Answer 17

People’s ideas about their own and others metal states— about their feelings perceptions and thoughts and the behaviors these might predicts

Question 18

Stage 3: concrete operational stage

Answer 18

The stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Question 19

Stage 4: formal operational

Answer 19

The stage of cognitive development (normally at age 12) during which kids begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 20

Schemas

Answer 20

Schemas are mental molds into which we pour our experiences

Question 21

The process of assimilation involves

Answer 21

Incorporating New experiences into current understanding (schema)

Question 22

Accommodation

Answer 22

The process of adjusting a schema and modifying it

Question 23

Attachment

Answer 23

In emotional tie with another person shown in young children by their seeking closeness to caregiver and showing distress on separation

Question 24

Stranger anxiety

Answer 24

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about eight months of age

Question 25

Separation anxiety

Answer 25

A developmental stage during which the child experiences anxiety when separated from the primary caregiver.

Question 26

What age does separation anxiety peak

Answer 26

13 months

Question 27

Imprinting

Answer 27

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

Question 28

Harlows monkeys

Answer 28

Harlow showed that infants bond with Sarah get mothers because of bodily contact and not primarily because of nourishment

Question 29

Secure attachment

Answer 29

Relaxed and attentive caregiving is the backbone of secure attachment

Question 30

Insecure attachment

Answer 30

Harlow study showed that monkeys experience rate anxiety if the terrycloth mother is remove

Question 31

Strange situation

Answer 31

60% of children express secure attachment About 30% show insecure attachment

Question 32

Signs of secure attachment

Answer 32

They explore their environment happily in the presence of their mothers. When their mothers leave, they show distress

Question 33

Signs of insecure attachment

Answer 33

These children cling to their mothers or caregivers and are less likely to explore the environment

Question 34

Temperament

Answer 34

A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

Question 35

Authoritarian parenting

Answer 35

Parents impose rules and expect obedience

Question 36

Permissive parenting

Answer 36

Parent submit to Childrens demands

Question 37

Authoritative parenting

Answer 37

Parents are demanding but responsive to their children

Question 38

Preconventional morality

Answer 38

Before 9 children show morality to avoid punishment Or gain reward

Question 39

Conventional morality

Answer 39

By early adolescence, social rules and laws are at held for their own sake

Question 40

Postconventional morality

Answer 40

The firms peoples agreed upon and rights or follows personally perceived ethical principles

Question 41

Adolescence

Answer 41

Is defined as the period between childhood and adult hood

Question 42

Identity formation

Answer 42

Many adolescents try out different selves before settling into a consistent comfortable identity. Having such an identity leads to form a close relationship

Question 43

Peer and parental influence

Answer 43

Although teams become independent other parents as they grow older, nevertheless relate to their parents on a number of issues, including religion and career choices. Your approval and relationships are also very important

Question 44

Parents have any influence over what four things

Answer 44

Politics Religion Career Money

Question 45

Peers have influence over what two things

Answer 45

Hobbies and clothing style

Question 46

Emerging adulthood

Answer 46

Emerging adulthood spans for ages 18-25. During this time and young adults may live with their parents and attend college or work on average emerging adults marry in their mid 20s

Question 47

Middle adulthood

Answer 47

Muscular strength, reaction time, sensory abilities in cardiac output begin to decline after mid 20s. Around age 50, women go through menopause in men experience levels of hormones and fertility

Question 48

Developmental psychology

Answer 48

Expands our physical, cognitive, and social development across the lifespan, with a focus on three major issues

Question 49

What are the three major issues of developmental psychology

Answer 49

Nature and nurture. Continuity and stages Stability and change

Question 50

Nature and nurture

Answer 50

How does our genetic inheritance(our nature) interact with our experiences (nurture) to influence our development?

Question 51

Continuity and stages

Answer 51

What parts of development or a gradual and continuous, like writing an escalator? What parts change abruptly and separate stages, like climbing wrongs on a ladder?

Question 52

Stability and change

Answer 52

Which of our treats processed through life? How do we change as we go