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Psy 101 > Ch.4 > Flashcards

Ch.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Sequence of parental development: CONCEPTION

A

A single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating of the egg (female) and fuses to form one fertilized cell.

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2
Q

Sequence of parental development:

ZYGOTE

A

A fertilized egg that grows to about 100 cells, which become increasingly diverse.

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3
Q

How many days does it take a zygote to become an embryo?

A

14

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4
Q

How many weeks does it take for an embryo to turn into a fetus?

A

9.

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5
Q

Sequence of parental development: EMBRYO

A

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

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6
Q

Sequence of parental development: FETUS

A

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

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7
Q

Teratogens

A

(“Monster maker”)

Agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

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8
Q

Maturation

A

The development of the brain unfolds based on genetic instructions, causing various motor skills and mental functions to develop in sequence— standing before walking, babbling before talking— this is called maturation.

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9
Q

Habituation

A

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner

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10
Q

Rooting reflex helps babies locate food T or F?

A

True

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11
Q

Critical period

A

An optimal period early in the life of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

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12
Q

Cognitive development

A

Jean Piaget believed that the driving force behind intellectual development is our biological development amidst experiences with the environment. Our cognitive development is shaped by the errors we make.

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13
Q

Stage one: SENSORIMOTOR

A

The stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

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14
Q

Stage two: PRE OPERATIONAL

A

The stage (from about 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete learning.

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15
Q

Conservation

A

The principle (which Piaget believed to be apart of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the despite changes in the forms of objects.

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16
Q

Egocentrism

A

The pre operational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

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17
Q

Theory of mind

A

People’s ideas about their own and others metal states— about their feelings perceptions and thoughts and the behaviors these might predicts

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18
Q

Stage 3: concrete operational stage

A

The stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

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19
Q

Stage 4: formal operational

A

The stage of cognitive development (normally at age 12) during which kids begin to think logically about abstract concepts

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20
Q

Schemas

A

Schemas are mental molds into which we pour our experiences

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21
Q

The process of assimilation involves

A

Incorporating New experiences into current understanding (schema)

22
Q

Accommodation

A

The process of adjusting a schema and modifying it

23
Q

Attachment

A

In emotional tie with another person shown in young children by their seeking closeness to caregiver and showing distress on separation

24
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about eight months of age

25
Q

Separation anxiety

A

A developmental stage during which the child experiences anxiety when separated from the primary caregiver.

26
Q

What age does separation anxiety peak

A

13 months

27
Q

Imprinting

A

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

28
Q

Harlows monkeys

A

Harlow showed that infants bond with Sarah get mothers because of bodily contact and not primarily because of nourishment

29
Q

Secure attachment

A

Relaxed and attentive caregiving is the backbone of secure attachment

30
Q

Insecure attachment

A

Harlow study showed that monkeys experience rate anxiety if the terrycloth mother is remove

31
Q

Strange situation

A

60% of children express secure attachment

About 30% show insecure attachment

32
Q

Signs of secure attachment

A

They explore their environment happily in the presence of their mothers. When their mothers leave, they show distress

33
Q

Signs of insecure attachment

A

These children cling to their mothers or caregivers and are less likely to explore the environment

34
Q

Temperament

A

A persons characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

35
Q

Authoritarian parenting

A

Parents impose rules and expect obedience

36
Q

Permissive parenting

A

Parent submit to Childrens demands

37
Q

Authoritative parenting

A

Parents are demanding but responsive to their children

38
Q

Preconventional morality

A

Before 9 children show morality to avoid punishment Or gain reward

39
Q

Conventional morality

A

By early adolescence, social rules and laws are at held for their own sake

40
Q

Postconventional morality

A

The firms peoples agreed upon and rights or follows personally perceived ethical principles

41
Q

Adolescence

A

Is defined as the period between childhood and adult hood

42
Q

Identity formation

A

Many adolescents try out different selves before settling into a consistent comfortable identity. Having such an identity leads to form a close relationship

43
Q

Peer and parental influence

A

Although teams become independent other parents as they grow older, nevertheless relate to their parents on a number of issues, including religion and career choices. Your approval and relationships are also very important

44
Q

Parents have any influence over what four things

A

Politics
Religion
Career
Money

45
Q

Peers have influence over what two things

A

Hobbies and clothing style

46
Q

Emerging adulthood

A

Emerging adulthood spans for ages 18-25. During this time and young adults may live with their parents and attend college or work on average emerging adults marry in their mid 20s

47
Q

Middle adulthood

A

Muscular strength, reaction time, sensory abilities in cardiac output begin to decline after mid 20s. Around age 50, women go through menopause in men experience levels of hormones and fertility

48
Q

Developmental psychology

A

Expands our physical, cognitive, and social development across the lifespan, with a focus on three major issues

49
Q

What are the three major issues of developmental psychology

A

Nature and nurture.
Continuity and stages
Stability and change

50
Q

Nature and nurture

A

How does our genetic inheritance(our nature) interact with our experiences (nurture) to influence our development?

51
Q

Continuity and stages

A

What parts of development or a gradual and continuous, like writing an escalator? What parts change abruptly and separate stages, like climbing wrongs on a ladder?

52
Q

Stability and change

A

Which of our treats processed through life? How do we change as we go

Psy 101 (3 decks)

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