Ch 2

Question 1

Theory

Answer 1

Plausible explanation of reality that includes testable propositions

Question 2

Methodology

Answer 2

The rules and principles that provide guidance to collect and assess data

Question 3

Objectivity

Answer 3

Idea that researcher should be neutral or unbiased in examining their subject matter

Question 4

Ethical conduct in research

Answer 4

Basic behavior that is Expected in moral and ethical research

Question 5

Code of ethics

Answer 5

Requirements that researchers behave ethically and conducting research

Question 6

Confidentiality

Answer 6

The requirement and research that the Researcher protect the identity of his or her subjects

Question 7

Reciprocity

Answer 7

A system of mutual obligation between researcher and subject

Question 8

Variable

Answer 8

Concept that varies or that can take on different numerical values

Question 9

Operationalization

Answer 9

Describing how a concept is being measured

Question 10

Uniform crime report UCR

Answer 10

Official police report on crime maintained by the FBI

Question 11

Sources of crime statistics

Answer 11

Include experiments, surveys, participant observation, case studies, and unobtrusive measures

Question 12

Unfounded crimes

Answer 12

Crimes that the police decide never took place

Question 13

Part one crimes

Answer 13

Index crimes or crimes that are used to calculate the crime rate

Question 14

Index crimes

Answer 14

Part one crimes in the uniform crime reports that are used to construct a violent crime and property crime indexes

Question 15

Crime index

Answer 15

A measure of crime that results in the calculation of the crime rate

Question 16

Part two crimes

Answer 16

The non-index crimes that are not used in the calculation of the crime rate

Question 17

Crime rate

Answer 17

The number of index crimes divided by the population times 100,000

Question 18

National incident based reporting system NIBRS

Answer 18

I system for recording far more detail on crime incidents that is intended to replace the UCR

Question 19

Methodological narcissism

Answer 19

Belief that one’s favorite method is best

Question 20

Experiment

Answer 20

Research that involves variations of the classic experimental design employing equivalent, pretest and post test, and experimental and control groups

Question 21

Classic experimental design

Answer 21

A research design that has equivalence, and experimental and control group, and a pretest and post test.

Question 22

Evidence-based research

Answer 22

Research findings that are based on replicated, experimental research

Question 23

Campbell collaboration

Answer 23

An international organization that conducts meta-analysis to discover what works in criminology

Question 24

Surveys

Answer 24

Various ways of gathering data that include mail questionnaires, interviews, and telephone and Internet surveys

Question 25

Dark figure of crime

Answer 25

Unmeasured or undiscovered crime

Question 26

Victim surveys

Answer 26

Surveys of the general public to measure the rate and circumstances of victimization

Question 27

National crime victimization survey NCVS

Answer 27

A survey of the general public to measure claimed crime victimization

Question 28

Self-report measures

Answer 28

Self admission surveys of committed crimes

Question 29

Participant observation

Answer 29

A methodology that involves the observation of a group by participating in varying degrees in its activities

Question 30

Case study

Answer 30

Life history of a subject

Question 31

Life history

Answer 31

A qualitative, case study method of examining a subjects life history

Question 32

Unobtrusive measures

Answer 32

Non-reactive methods of data gathering in which the subjects are unaware that they are being studied

Question 33

Simulation

Answer 33

Games that mimic reality

Question 34

Validity

Answer 34

The accuracy of measurement

Question 35

Reliability

Answer 35

Consistency or stability of measurement

Question 36

Triangulation

Answer 36

The use of multiple research methods