Ch. 2 - Atoms, Molecules and Water

Question 1

10 Level of Biological Organization

Answer 1

atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

Question 2

genome vs proteome

Answer 2

• genomes carry the information to make proteomes
• all cells have the same genome
• the way these genomes are expressed change the proteome that the cells makes

Question 3

5 stages of hypothesis testing

Answer 3

1. observations
2. testable hypothesis
3. experiments
4. data
5. accept or reject hypothesis

Question 4

Atoms

Answer 4

• smallest functional units of matter
• cannot be further broken down by ordinary means
• each specific type of atoms is a chemical element

Question 5

Covalent bond

Answer 5

• electrons are shared to fill valence shells
• can be polar covalent or non polar covalent

Question 6

hydrogen bond

Answer 6

hydrogen from one polar molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom from another molecule
- holds together DNA

Question 7

ionic bond

Answer 7

electrons are transferred, forming ions that are attracted to each other
- ionic compounds are called salts

Question 8

buffer

Answer 8

a compound that helps minimize pH fluctuations

Question 9

homeostasis

Answer 9

the process by which organisms regulate their cells and bodies to maintain stable internal conditions

Question 10

what is metabolism

Answer 10

series of chemical reactions that provide energy

Question 11

what are disulfide bridges

Answer 11

very strong bond between two cysteines in a protein
- important in tertiary structure

Question 12

type of bond formed between each of the four monomers

Answer 12

• monosaccharides - glycosidic
• amino acids - peptide bonds
• glycerol and three fatty acids (fats) - none
• nucleotides - phosphodiester