Ch. 2 Basic Physics

Question 1

What are the three standards of measurement?

Answer 1

Time
Length
Mass

Question 2

What is the standard unit of time?

Answer 2

Seconds

Question 3

What is the standard unit of length?

Answer 3

Meter

Question 4

What is the standard unit of mass?

Answer 4

Kilogram

Question 5

How is speed expressed mathmatically?

Answer 5

length divided by time

Question 6

How is density expressed mathmatically?

Answer 6

mass over volume

Question 7

How is volume expressed mathmatically?

Answer 7

by cubing a length or mass divided by a length

Question 8

What does E=mc2 tell us?

Answer 8

that mass and energy are interchangeable and that every mass has an energy equivalent and every energy has a mass equivalent

Question 9

What is a force?

Answer 9

anything that exerts a push or a pull on something

Question 10

What are the four fundamental forces?

Answer 10

1. gravity
2. the weak nuclear force
3. electromagnetism
4. the strong nuclear force

Question 11

What is electromagnetism?

Answer 11

It encompasses all electrical and magnetic phenomena

Question 12

Describe a weak and strong nuclear force.

Answer 12

a weak nuclear force is responsible for the radioactivity Becquerel discovered in some materials, and a strong nuclear force holds protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom.

Question 13

How is the strength of a force measured?

Answer 13

By how small a particle it can affect. Gravity being the weakest and a strong nuclear force being the strongest

Question 14

What is the metric system throughout the world known as?

Answer 14

System International or SI System

Question 15

What are all of the unit conversions is the SI system based on?

Answer 15

multiples of 10

Question 16

prefix- kilo

Answer 16

k… km=kilometer…10’3…thousands

Question 17

prefix- mega

Answer 17

M… MV=megavolts…10’6…millions

Question 18

prefix- giga

Answer 18

G…GHz=gigahertz…10’9…billions

Question 19

prefix- tera

Answer 19

T… TB=terabytes…10’12…trillions

Question 20

prefix- centi

Answer 20

c…cm=centimeter…10’-2…hundreths

Question 21

prefix- milli

Answer 21

m…ms=millisecond…10’-3…thousandths

Question 22

prefix- micro

Answer 22

u…um=micrometers…10’-6…millionths

Question 23

prefix- nano

Answer 23

n…nm=nanometers…10’-9…billionths

Question 24

What does the negative exponent represent in each term?

Answer 24

it expresses the term as a fraction as in millionths billionths etc

Question 25

All kinds of electromagnetic radiations consist of ripples, similar to water waves, describe these.

Answer 25

it takes one crest or peak and one trough or dip to make up a single wavelength

Question 26

What is the measuring unit used for wavelengths on an x-rays?

Answer 26

Angstrom

Question 27

What is the general unit for energy?

Answer 27

a joule

Question 28

Describe a joule.

Answer 28

One joule is roughly enough energy to get a one lb object moving about 10 miles per hour.

Question 29

Describe matter converting to energy.

Answer 29

When matter is converted to energy it takes an infinitesimal amount of matter to produce incredible power.

Question 30

Describe converting energy to matter.

Answer 30

An enormous amount of energy is needed to produce even the smallest particle.

Question 31

What is rest energy?

Answer 31

The energy that a particle would release if it were annihilated or changed into pure energy

Question 32

What are the 6 forms energy can take?

Answer 32

- Mechanical Energy - Chemical Energy - Electrical Energy - Thermal Energy - Electromagnetic Energy - Nuclear Energy

Question 33

What is a transducer?

Answer 33

Any device that can change one form of energy into another

Question 34

What two classifications can Mechanical Energy be divided into?

Answer 34

- Potential Energy | - Kinetic Energy

Question 35

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 35

- the energy of motion | - represented by the actual speed

Question 36

What is potential energy?

Answer 36

- the energy of position | - represented by the potential to speed up

Question 37

Describe the Law of Conservation for Mechanical Energy.

Answer 37

The sum of an objects kinetic energy and its potential energy must always add up to the same amount, but the two can trade off.

Question 38

What do all forms of energy eventually degenerate into?

Answer 38

heat energy

Question 39

What is quantum physics?

Answer 39

The study of all the interactions and relationships between the atom and waves of radiation.

Question 40

The intensity of radiation incident upon the surface of an object is its what?

Answer 40

Exposure

Question 41

Exposure is best detected as an ionization in the air just above the surface and generates an electrical charge in a what?

Answer 41

A detecting device

Question 42

What does ESE stand for?

Answer 42

Entrance skin exposure

Question 43

The intensity of radiation entering through the surface of the body is what?

Answer 43

The entrance skin exposure

Question 44

What are the conventional units used in X-ray?

Answer 44

Roentgen RAD Rem

Question 45

What does RAD stand for?

Answer 45

Radiation absorbed dose

Question 46

What does Rem stand for?

Answer 46

Radiation equivalent in man

Question 47

This is the unit of absorbed dose applied to all radiation?

Answer 47

The Rad

Question 48

This is the unit of dose equivalent of true biological harm.

Answer 48

Rem

Question 49

This is the only unit for measuring intensity of raw X-ray beams emitted by the X-ray tube at a particular distance.

Answer 49

Roentgen

Question 50

1 roentgen is equivalent to how many ion pairs?

Answer 50

2.08x10'9

Question 51

What are two weighted factors used to derive rem from rad?

Answer 51

Wr- relative harmfulness or radiation | Wt- relative sensitivity of exposed tissue compared to other tissue