CH 2. BEGINNING WITH C Flashcards by Saloni Samsukha

C language was developed by ____________.

DENNIS RITCHIE

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C was developed at ___________.

AT & T Bells laboratory

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state the features of c language?

The features of c language are as follows:

Robust language: c is a strong/structured language.
general purpose: can perform both system and application tasks/programs.
case sensitive language: c only accepts short letters otherwise its considered as an error.
portable: c can be programmed in several devices it will execute the same output.
c is a middle and low level language: c is categorised as both user level language (high level language) and machine level language(low level language).
fast and efficient: c can be programmed and can execute the programs in a quick and efficient way.
Modularity: c can solve large problems by dividing the tasks into modules/functions/procedures.

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state whether the following statement is Right or wrong;

c can only perform application tasks

wrong.

c is general purpose i.e it can perform both application and system tasks.

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state whether the following statement is Right or wrong:

other letters apart from the short letters in programming in c is considered as error.

Right

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state whether the following statement is Right or wrong:

c can give several outputs in different devices.

wrong.

output of the same program doesnt differ in devices if it is programmed in C.

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state whether the following statement is Right or wrong:

c can be both user level and high level language.

wrong.
As user level is called as high level language. c can be both machine level language (low) and user level language (high)

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what is modularity in c?

modularity is a feature of c where it divides big tasks into short modules/functions/procedures in order to execute them efficiently.

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write a basic c program that includes printf

#include
#include
void main()
{
 printf("welcome to c language");
getch();
clrscr();
}

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what is the use of:

printf()

the printf function is used to print an output.

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what is the use of:

main()

the main function is denotes the line from which execution of a program starts.

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what are comment lines?

comment lines ( /* *\ ) are
non executable statements in a program i.e which are ignored by compiler which is used for understanding the programs.

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______ in programs helps in debugging and testing programs.

comment lines

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__ is a special character used in printf.

/n new line

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/n denotes _____.

new line

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lines in {} has to end with _____.

semicolon.

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uppercase letters are used for ____.

symbolic constants

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each statement in c must end with ___.

semicolon.

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___ indicates beginning of a function.

open brace bracket. {

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___ indicates end of a function.

closed braced bracket. }

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program in c should have ____ extension.

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What is C character set?

1.A character denotes any alphabet,digits,special symbols, white spaces etc.
2. A character set comprises of the foll:
Letters or alphabets:A,B,C….,X,Y,Z a,b,c,…,x,y,z
Digits: 0123456789
Special characters: #@!$%^&*()?,;:”’+×÷=/_
White spaces: blanks, horizontal tabs, newline, formfeed, carriage return.

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What are c tokens?

1.Smallest individual unit in c is called as tokens
2. The types of tokens are as follows:
Keywords/identifiers/constants/strings/ special symbols/ operators.

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What are keywords in c?

Keywords are words whose meanings have already been defined and the meanings cannot be changed.
Keywords are also called as reserved words.
There are 32 keywords in c.

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There are ___ keywords in c

Keywords should be written in ___.

Lowercase letters

What are identifiers in c

Identifiers are names given to arrays, functions and strings. These names are userdefined. They are made of combination of letters&digits. Cant be more than 8 characters long. Use of underscore is permitted.

what are constants in c?

constants are fixed value which does not change during execution of program.

what are the types of constants in c?

there are two main types of constants in c namely, numeric constants and character constants. numeric constants include integer and real constants whereas character constants includes single character constants and strings.

what are integer constants?

integer constants include constants which doesnot include decimal. integer constants are sequence of digits and they must have atleast one digit. integer constant can be positive or negative.

if there are no signs preceding integer constants, they are assumed to be ____.

positive

state true or false: | Embedded spaces, commas, special characters are allowed in integer constants.

false

state and explain the types of integer constants

integer constants can be categorised into 3 types: decimal constants includes sequence of digits which can be positive or negative octal constants digits from 0 to 7with leading 0 hexadecimal constants Sequence of digits from 0to 15 starting from OX,Ox and represents A/a to F/f for 10 to 15.

give examples of following: | decimal integer constants

32561 74628933 022164

give examples of following: | octal integer constants

0x43 0X57 0x664

give examples of following: | hexadecimal integer constants

OX45AD | Ox34

explain real constants

real constants are used to represent values that vary continously like temperature, distance etc. it has a decimal point. can be positive or negative.

state and explain the ways of representing real constants.

there are two ways of representing real constants namely: decimal form and exponential form in decimal representation, the constant has a decimal point. can be positive or negative. eg. 12.563 exponential form, the constants are divided into 2 parts: mantissa and exponenet and the form is mantissa e exponent. both mantissa and exponent value can be positive and negative. eg: 2.4e9 (e9 multiply by 10^9)

exponential notation is also called ____

scientific notation

explain: single character constants

single character constants include a single character (single alphabet, single digit, single special symbol) inside single quotation marks. eg 's'

explain: string character constants

sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes. this characters includes letters digits special symbols as well as blank spaces. eg "3212#"

character constants have int values which are called as ___

ancii values

blank spaces are permitted in ___constants

string

does "W" has an int ancii value?

what is a variable?

a variable is an dataname used to store data value. variable are names given to locations in memory where constants are stored. variables keeps changing values at diff time of execution.

____are names given to locations in memory where constants are stored.

variables

variable name

combination of alphabets, digits, underscore. first character should be an alphabet. variable name are case sensitive eg: a_12

____ should not be a keyword.

variables

TRUE/FALSE: variable name are case sensitive

true

TRUE/FALSE: comma, space are allowed in variables

false

TRUE/FALSE: backslash characters are used to take inputs in specific form

false. used to print/gives outputs in certain way

the character combination in backslash characters are called as ___

escape sequences

___ is considered as alphabets in c. (Variables, tokens,character set)

Character set.

____ are words in c. (Functions, instructions, tokens)

C Tokens

We use ___ to construct keywords and variables (characters, tokens, identifiers)

Tokens

The grammer in c is called ___. (Errors, syntax, logic)

Syntax

C is strongly associated with ___ (linux, unix, none)

Unix

C compiler has features of __. (High level language, 4th generation language, low level language)

Low level language

C porgram is collection of ___ supported by c library (tokens, functions, instructions)

Functions

One can only use functions from c library. (T/F)

False. One can also make/use their own functions which can also be added in c library

Set of statements in C is written under ___. ; {} ()

{}

___ is used to improve readability of program (//, ; , blank spaces)

// and blank spaces

Carriage return is part of ___ (special symbol, white spaces, none)

White spaces

One must not use __ as variable names (operators, functions, keywords)

Keywords

Goto is a ___. (Statement, keyword, identifier)

Keyword

____ includes functions,arrays and variables (keywords, character set, identifiers)

Identifiers

An ___ cant be more than 8 characters long. (String, operators, identifiers)

Identifiers

Identifiers can be upto 8 characters long (true,false)

False. They cant

One can use _ in ____. (Variables, identifiers, keywords)

Identifiers

Blank spaces are permitted in identifiers. (T/F)

False

Real and int constants are the types of constants. (T/F)

False. Numeric/character

___ is also called floating point constants. (Decimal, octal, real)

Real

Default sign of all constants is positive. (T/F)

True

___ stores datavalue. (Keywords, variables, functions)

Variables

___ are case sensitive. (Keywords, identifiers, variables)

Variables

State the types of datatypes supported by c

PRIMARY USERDEFINED DERIVED EMPTY

___ datatype includes arrays, functions and pointers. (Primary, userdefined, derived)

Derived

Range of values for int is ___

-32,768/32,767

___ occupies 2 bytes

Int

Int range varies from machine (t/f)

True.

Int values are -32,768 to 32,767 for 16 bit word length (t/f)

True

Float occupies 32 bits for 8 digit precision (TRUE/FALSE)

False. 6 digit precision

___ char falls in range of -128,127. Signed,unsigned)

Signed

Signed char has range 0-255 (T/f)

False. Unsigned

Signed, unsigned are ___. (Datatypes, keywords, qualifiers)

Qualifiers

``` Match the foll: A. Int Float Char B. 32 bits 8 bits 2 bytes ```

Int: 2 bytes Float: 32 bits ie 4 bytes Char: 8 bits ie 1 byte

"Variable=expression" are operands (T/F)

False. Operands are expression on RHS of arithmetic instructions. They include constants and variable names

Are the following statements valid? State reasons for your answer. p x q = a;

Illegal statement since X is used not ×.

``` Observe the following instruction: char a,b; int c; a= 'p'; b='m'; c= a+b; How will the foll be added? ```

Ancii values should be assigned to a,b.

/+÷ has high priority in c (true/false)

False. */% has high priority

___ has the least priority. (-,+,=)

Explain heirarcy of operators in c.

Explain in own words. Refer pg 32

``` Match the foll: A. p/q=32 3×2=3.2 2.0×0=0 B. Real arithmetic Int arithmetic Mixed mode arithmetic ```

a=int arithmetic b=mixed mode c= real arithmetic

Explain the foll with example: int arithmetic, mixed mode arithmetic

Ans in own words: pg 36, 38

``` Observe the following program: #include void main() { int n; float p,r,interest; clrscr(); printf("enter principal amt"); scanf("%f",&p); printf("/n enter rate of interest and no of years"); scanf("%f%f",&r&n); interest=p*n*r/100; printf("the si is %f interest"); } This program depicts: ____(arithmetic instruction, basic c program, computational instruction) ```

Arithmetic instructions

___ is used to compare values in program.

Relational operator

True/false: arithmetic operator can be used in either side of relational operator

False, Arithmetic expresssion.

arithmetic operators have high justification as compared to relational operator. Justify why.

Eg: p=12,q=23 | p+q

Explain the use of logical operators

Own words. Pg 40

Explain the dogference between post and pre increment/decrement.

Pg. 42

CH 2. BEGINNING WITH C Flashcards

(100 cards)