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Psychology 101 > Ch. 2 Biopsychology > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Biopsychology Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous System

A

the body’s speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems

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2
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Spinal Cord

A

a two-way info highway connecting the PNS and the brain

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4
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

he sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

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5
Q

Reflex

A

a simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus (ex: knee jerk response)

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6
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

division of the PNS that controls the body’s skeletal muscles (also called skeletal nervous system)

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7
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

the part of the PNS that controls self-regulated action of glands and muscles of the internal organs (ex. Heart)
(sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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8
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

division of the ANS that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

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9
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

division of the ANS that calms the body, conserving it energy

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10
Q

Neurons

A

the nerve cells; basic building block of the nervous system

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11
Q

Endocrine System

A

the body’s “slow” chemical communication system; a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

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12
Q

Hormones

A

chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands, travel through the bloodstream, and affect other tissues

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13
Q

Dendrites

A

connect to synapse of previous neuron; A neuron’s branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body

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14
Q

Axon

A

the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands

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15
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

a fatty tissue layer segmentally encasing the axons of some neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next

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16
Q

Terminal Branches

A

end of neuron, connect to another neuron’s dendrites

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17
Q

How neurons work

A

look at paper

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18
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Learning and memory, muscle movement

Alzheimers disease= Ach-producing neurons deteriorate

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19
Q

Endorphins

A

“morphine within”; lessen pain; resembles opiates in structure & effects
(Oversupply with opiate drugs can suppress the body’s natural endorphin supply)

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20
Q

Dopamine

A

movement, learning, attention, and emotion
(Decreased levels= Parkinson’s
Excess= Schizophrenia)

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21
Q

Serotonin

A

regulation of mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal

-Decreased levels= depression (Prozac & other antidepressants increase serotonin levels)

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22
Q

Norepinephrine

A

affects alertness and arousal

Decreased levels= depressed mood

23
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

occipital
parietal
temporal
frontal

24
Q

Occipital lobe: (visual cortex)

A

vision (at the back of head)

25
Q

Parietal lobe: (sensory cortex)

A

touch, spacial abilities, integration of sensory info (at the top and to the rear)

26
Q

Temporal lobe: (auditory cortex, hippocampus)

A

hearing, memory (just above ears)

27
Q

Frontal lobe

A

“executive” planning, decision making, rational activity, inhibition, socially appropriate behavior; personality (behind forehead)

28
Q

Broca’s area

A

controls language expression

area of frontal lobe usually in left hemisphere, that directs muscle movements involved in speech

29
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

controls language reception

a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression, usually in left temporal lobe

30
Q

EEG (electroencephalogram)

A

an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface

Measured by electrodes placed on the scalp

31
Q

PET scan (positron emission tomography)

A

a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task
-use calories while performing task
“Hot spots” show most active brain areas

32
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue)
-Show brain anatomy

33
Q

fMRI (functional MRI)

A

technique for revealing blood flow and, therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans
-Show brain function as well as structure

34
Q

7 glands of endocrine system

A 
adrenal
pituitary
parathyroid
thyroid
pancreas
testis
ovary
35
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress (helps trigger fight-or-flight response)

36
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

system’s most influential gland. Under influence of hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

37
Q

Parathyroids

A

help regulate level of calcium in blood

38
Q

Thyroid gland

A

affects metabolism

39
Q

Pancreas

A

regulates level of sugar in the blood

40
Q

Amygdala

A

fear, aggression

41
Q

Association Areas

A

higher mental functioning, integrate and interpret info, individualized (can’t “map” most areas but some areas common)

42
Q

Broca’s Area

A

speech production

43
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordination of voluntary movement and balance; nonverbal learning and memories (“muscle memory”)

44
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

complex thought; body’s ultimate control & info processing center

45
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects 2 hemispheres

46
Q

Hippocampus

A

memory

47
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulator of basic needs such as hunger, thirst, sex, temperature regulation; governs endocrine system (hormones)

48
Q

Limbic System

A

hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala

49
Q

Medulla

A

heartbeat, breathing reflexes (sneezing, coughing)

50
Q

Motor Cortex

A

movement and motor control

51
Q

Pons

A

helps coordinate movement (talks to cerebellum), sleep

52
Q

Reticular Formation

A

nerve network that regulates arousal (sleep vs. attention)

53
Q

Sensory Cortex

A

registers sensory messages (touch)

54
Q

Thalamus

A

directs messages to sensory areas in cortex (sight, touch, taste, hearing); transmits replies to cerebellum and medulla

Psychology 101 (10 decks)

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