Ch 2 Cells

Question 1

What is the human body made of?

In order of size

Answer 1

cells, tissues, organs, systems

Question 2

What is a cell organelle?

Answer 2

Structures that are suspended in the cytoplasm that have a particular function.

Question 3

What is the equation for respiration?

Answer 3

glucose + oxygen = energy + carbon dioxide + water

Question 4

What chemicals are needed for the body to make energy?

Answer 4

glucose + oxygen

this is the simplest form

Question 5

What are the waste products of respiration?

Answer 5

carbon dioxide and water

Question 6

What is the simplest living thing that can perform the processes of life?

Answer 6

cell

Question 7

What is a UNICELLULAR organism?

Answer 7

a living thing made of only one cell.

Question 8

What is a MULTICELLULAR organism?

Answer 8

a living thing made up of many cells.

Question 9

What is CELL THEORY ?

Answer 9

The theory that living things are made up of cells.

Question 10

How many cells are there in 1mL of blood?

Answer 10

5 million

Question 11

All of the body’s functions are caused by the combined efforts and co-ordination of …

Answer 11

cells

Question 12

Why do cells vary in shape?

Answer 12

Their different shape helps them carry out their function.

Question 13

Cell Membrane

Answer 13

the outer boundary of the cell.
made of double layer of lipid molecules
semi permeable

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

jelly like substance that allows chemical reactions to occur

supports organelles

Question 15

Organelles

Answer 15

Structures that are suspended in the cytoplasm and carry out a particular function

Question 16

Cytosol

Answer 16

the liquid part of the cytoplasm

Question 17

Cytoskeleton

Answer 17

Internal scaffolding of protein fibres within the cytoplasm

Question 18

Inclusions

Answer 18

chemical substances occurring as granules or liquid droplets in the cytoplasm

Question 19

Vesicle

Answer 19

membrane bound sac that transports chemicals into and out of the cell

Question 20

Ribosome

Answer 20

very small and spherical organelles.
make proteins from amino acids
usually found in Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 21

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 21

Pairs of parallel membranes through the cytoplasm.
Connects cell membrane to nuclear membrane.
Rough ER contains ribosomes
Transports and stores

Question 22

Golgi body/ apparatus

Answer 22

stores, sorts proteins.

sends to vesicles to transport

Question 23

Mitochondria

Answer 23

respiration occurs here

has own DNA from mother

Question 24

Nucleus

Answer 24

Controls cell
Contains DNA
Has nuclear pores

Question 25

Nucleolus

Answer 25

has no membrane made of RNA Makes ribosomes

Question 26

Lysosomes

Answer 26

break down proteins, fats, nucleic acids and some carbohydrates

Question 27

Why is the cell membrane important?

Answer 27

Controls what enters and exits the cell.

Question 28

What percentage of the cytosol is water?

Answer 28

75% to 90%

Question 29

Where do most metabolic reactions occur?

Answer 29

cytoplasm

Question 30

How many nuceii does each cell have? a. red blood cell b. skin cell c. liver cell

Answer 30

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2

Question 31

What does the nuclear membrane do?

Answer 31

Separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

Question 32

The nuclear membrane is a bilayer membrane T?F

Answer 32

true

Question 33

How do chemicals make their way into the nucleus? | What important chemical needs to leave the nucleus?

Answer 33

They pass through nuclear pores. | RNA

Question 34

Chromatin

Answer 34

long thread of DNA

Question 35

When the chromatin thicken they become visible and are called

Answer 35

Chromosomes

Question 36

What is the function of DNA? | What is the full name of DNA?

Answer 36

Encodes information to make proteins. | Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 37

What is the function of Nucleolus

Answer 37

Makes ribosomes, makes RNA

Question 38

RIBOSOMES

Answer 38

join amino acids, to make peptides, to make proteins

Question 39

Where are ribosomes found in the cell?

Answer 39

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum | Ctyoplasm

Question 40

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 40

Provides a surface for chemical reactions

Question 41

What is the golgi body? Where is it usually found?

Answer 41

Flat membranes stacked against each other. | Usually near the nucleus.

Question 42

What is the function of the Golgi body?

Answer 42

sorts proteins and secretes them from the cell.

Question 43

Give a flow chart for the production of proteins

Answer 43

ribosomes ---- ER-----Golgi body ------vesicles.

Question 44

Lysosomes

Answer 44

small spheres that contain digestive enzymes that break down large waste molecules.

Question 45

Mitochondria

Answer 45

organelle with double membrane that perform respiration | i.e. produce energy

Question 46

Cilia

Answer 46

many hair like structures on the cell

Question 47

flagella

Answer 47

one or two hair like structures on the cell

Question 48

Cytoskeleton

Answer 48

Framework of protein fibres that gives the cell its shape.

Question 49

Inclusions

Answer 49

Chemical substances that are not part of the cell. | e.g. haemoglobin, melanin

Question 50

Where is melanin found?

Answer 50

hair, skin, hair, iris

Question 51

Tissue fluid Extracellular fluid

Answer 51

Fluid found around the cells

Question 52

What is the function of the tissue fluid?

Answer 52

Allows chemicals into and out of the cell.

Question 53

Homeostasis

Answer 53

Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment, despite fluctuations in the external environment.

Question 54

Name 2 chemicals that the cell needs and 2 chemicals that the cell needs to remove.

Answer 54

glucose oxygen water, carbon dioxide, urea.

Question 55

Name two other chemicals that cells make that the body needs

Answer 55

hormones | enzymes