Ch 4 CNS Yr 12

Question 1

What organs make up the CNS

Answer 1

spine and brain

Question 2

What is the PNS?

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

nerves that connect the sensory receptors and muscles and glands.

Question 3

What part of the skull is the CRANIUM?

Answer 3

The dome that covers the brain - top and back.

Question 4

What protects the spinal cord?

Answer 4

the vertebral column

Question 5

What does the term “Meninges” mean in English?

Answer 5

Membranes

Question 6

What is the outer layer of the meninges?

What are its features?

Answer 6

Dura Mater

tough and fibrous

Question 7

Where in the CNS does the dura mater stick to the bone?

Answer 7

skull

Question 8

What is the middle layer of the meninges?

Why is it called this?

Answer 8

Arachnoid mater

It resembles cobwebs.

Question 9

What is the inner layer of the meninges?

Answer 9

Pia mater

Question 10

In which layer of the meninges would you find blood vessels?

Answer 10

Pia mater

Question 11

What fills the gaps between the layers of the meninges?

Answer 11

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 12

In the spinal cord, the meninges are attached to …

Answer 12

fatty layer

Question 13

What is the CSF

Answer 13

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 14

Where would you find CSF?

Answer 14

it circulates through gaps in the brain and the canal in the spinal cord.

Question 15

What does the CSF look like?

What does it contain?

Answer 15

clear, watery fluid

a few cells, glucose, protein, urea and salts.

Question 16

What are the 3 functions of the Cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 16

protection - acts as shock absorber
support - brain “floats “ in liquid
transport - formed in the blood, takes nutrients to and wastes from the brain

Question 17

What is the Cerebrum?

Answer 17

Largest part of the brain - outer surface of grey matter (cerebral cortex), white matter and the basal ganglia

Question 18

What is grey matter made of?

Answer 18

neuron cell bodies
dendrites
unmyelinated axons

Question 19

What is white matter made of?

Answer 19

myelinated axon sheaths

Question 20

Basal ganglia

Answer 20

grey matter deep in the cerebrum

Question 21

Why is the cerebral cortex folded?

Answer 21

To increase its surface area. Allows more neurons.

Question 22

What are the ridges (upper part) of the cerebral cortex called?

Answer 22

convolutions, gyrus/gyri

Question 23

What are the downfolds ( valleys) of the cerebral cortex called?

Answer 23

fissures , sulcus, sulci

Question 24

What is the longitudinal fissure?

Answer 24

deep cleft that almost divides the cerebrum into two halves, the cerebral cerebrum.

Question 25

What are the cerebral hemispheres? What do they control?

Answer 25

two halves of the cerebrum. | Left = logical Right = creative

Question 26

Name the 4 lobes of the cerebral hemispheres (4 lobes for each hemisphere).

Answer 26

frontal, temporal, occipital, parietal.

Question 27

What is the 5th lobe, deep in the brain

Answer 27

insula.

Question 28

What are some mental activities performed by the cerebral cortex.

Answer 28

thinking, reasoning, learning, memory, intelligence and sense of responsibility. info from senses control of voluntary muscle.

Question 29

What are the three areas of the cortex?

Answer 29

sensory motor association - intellectual and emotional

Question 30

How are memories stored?

Answer 30

In links between neurons, not in individual cells.

Question 31

Are the two hemispheres identical

Answer 31

no in right handed people the size of the lobes differ

Question 32

Where is the language centre in most people?

Answer 32

Left

Question 33

Where is the art and music centre controlled?

Answer 33

right hemisphere

Question 34

What does the word "olfactory" mean?

Answer 34

smell

Question 35

tract

Answer 35

bundles of nerve fibres inside the CNS. | OUTSIDE = nerves

Question 36

What are the three types of tracts? | (what do they connect?

Answer 36

connections within the hemisphere connections between hemispheres connections from hemisphere to othe parts of brain/ spinal cord.

Question 37

What do the basal ganglia control?

Answer 37

initiate and suppress movement.