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A&P > Ch. 2 Chemistry > Flashcards

Ch. 2 Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Acid

A

Compound that releases hydrogen ions H+

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2
Q

Activation energy

A

Around of energy greater than the energy contained in the reactants, which must be overcome for a reaction to proceed

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3
Q

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

A

Nucleotide containing ribose and an adenine base that is essential in energy transfer

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4
Q

Amino acid

A

Building block of proteins; characterized by an amino and carboxyl functional groups and a variable side chain

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5
Q

Anion

A

Atom with a negative charge

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6
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element that retains the unique properties of that element

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7
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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8
Q

Base

A

Compound that accepts hydrogen ions H+ in a solution

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9
Q

Bond

A

Electrical force linking atoms

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10
Q

Buffer

A

Solution containing a weak acid or a weak base that opposes wide fluctuations in the ph of body fluids

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11
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Class of organic compounds built from sugars, molecules containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1-2-1 ratio

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12
Q

Catalyst

A

Substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being changed in the process

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13
Q

Cation

A

Atom with a positive charge

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14
Q

Chemical energy

A

Form of energy that is absorbed as chemical bonds form, stored as they are maintained, and released as they are broken

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15
Q

Colloid

A

Liquid mixture in which the solute particles consist of clumps of molecules large enough to scatter light

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16
Q

Compound

A

Substance composed of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

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17
Q

Concentration

A

Number of particles within a given space

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18
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond in which 2 atoms share electrons, thereby completing their valence shells ex H2O

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19
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

Type of catabolic reaction in which one or more bonds within a larger molecule are broken, resulting in the release of smaller molecules or atoms

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20
Q

Denaturation

A

Change in the structure of a molecule through physical or chemical means

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21
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Deoxyribose containing nucleotide that stores genetic information

22
Q

Disaccharide

A

Pair of carbohydrate monomers bonded by dehydration synthesis via a glycosidic bond

23
Q

Disulfide bond

A

Covalent bond formed within a polypeptide between sulfide groups of sulfur containing amino acids. Ex cysteineelect

24
Q

Electron

A

Subatomic particle having a negative charge and nearly no mass; found orbiting the atoms nucleus

25
Q

Electron shell

A

Area of space a given distance from an atom’s nucleus in which electrons are grouped

26
Q

Element

A

Substance that cannot be created or broken down by ordinary chemical means

27
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein or RNA that catalyzes chemical reactions

28
Q

Exchange reaction

A

Type of chemical reaction in which bonds are both formed and broken, resulting in the transfer of components

29
Q

Functional group

A

Group of atoms linked by strong covalent bonds that tends to behave as a distinct unit in chemical reaction with other atomsh

30
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Dipole-dipole bond where a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom is weakly attracted to a second electronegative atom

31
Q

inorganic compound

A

Substance that does not contain both carbon and hydrogenn

32
Q

Ion

A

Atom with an overall positive or negative charge

33
Q

Ionic bond

A

Attraction between an anion and a cation

34
Q

Isotope

A

One of the variations of an element where the number of neutrons differ from eachother

35
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy that matter possesses because of its motion

36
Q

Lipid

A

Class of nonpolar organic compounds built from hydrocarbons and distinguished by the fact that they are not soluble in water

37
Q

Macromolecule

A

Large molecule formed by covalent bonding

38
Q

Mass number

A

Sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

39
Q

Matter

A

Physical substance that occupies space and has mass

40
Q

Molecule

A

2 or more atoms covalently bonded together

41
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Monomer of carbohydrate; also known as a simple sugar

42
Q

Neutron

A

Heavy subatomic particle having no electrical charge and found in the atoms nucleus

43
Q

Nucleotide

A

Class of organic compounds composed of one or more phosphate groups, a Penrose sugar and a base

44
Q

Organic compound

A

Substance that contains both carbon andhydrogen

45
Q

Peptide bond

A

Covalent bond formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids

46
Q

PH

A

Negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

47
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid compound that a phosphate group is combined with a diglyceride

48
Q

Polar molecule

A

Molecule with regions that have opposite charges.

49
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Compound consisting of more that 2 carbohydrate monomers bonded by dehydration synthesis

50
Q
A

A&P (9 decks)

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