Ch. 2 Key Vocabulary

Question 1

Accomodation

Answer 1

A change in the way a student learns new material. Indicated on an IEP. 
Timing
Presentation of material
Setting
Response format

Question 2

Assistive Technology

Answer 2

Any item, piece of equipment, or device that supports the needs of students with disabilities.

Question 3

Bandura

Answer 3

Social Learning Theorist; Learners observe modeled behavior and consequences of the behavior and then project the consequences onto themselves.

Question 4

Bullying

Answer 4

Repeated aggressive behavior of an individual with the intent to hurt or destroy another individual.

Question 5

Classroom Management

Answer 5

Planning and implementing methods to ensure that the learning environment of the classroom provides and effective venue for learning.

Question 6

Classroom Presence

Answer 6

Sense or culture created by the teacher based on how, when, and why the the teacher communicates.

Question 7

Cyberbullying

Answer 7

Destructive or threatening comments made to a student through an e-mail, a blog, or a post on the Internet.

Question 8

Database

Answer 8

Software program that facilitates the organization of information such as a letter or mailing address.

Question 9

Discrimination

Answer 9

When students learn that only specific behaviors lead to reinforcing of punishing consequences, not similar behaviors.

Question 10

Extinction

Answer 10

Learned behavior no longer elicits the expected reinforcement, behavior decreases.

Question 11

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 11

Students are motivated to perform a behavior in order to earn a reward or avoid a punishment.

Question 12

High-Traffic Areas

Answer 12

Paths that students often travel in the classroom, such as where they line up to leave the room and the path they take frequently used supplies.

Question 13

Intellectual Property

Answer 13

Copyright material.

Question 14

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 14

Engaging in a behavior because it is personally rewarding.

Question 15

Meichenbaum

Answer 15

Social Learning Theorist; Self-regulated learning, Importance of practicing modeled behavior by forecasting the rewarding consequences of positive behaviors and the negative consequences of undesirable behaviors.

Question 16

Modification

Answer 16

Changing the target skill or construct of the learning occurring. Fundamentally changing the curriculum.

Question 17

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 17

Aversive stimulus is removed after a behavior is exhibited, increases behavior.

Question 18

Pavlov

Answer 18

Behavior theorist; Focuses on classical conditioning. Pair a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimuli causing a conditioned response to a previously neutral stimulus.

Question 19

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 19

Presenting a motivating/reinforcing stimulus after desired behavior is exhibited, behavior becomes more likely.

Question 20

Premack Principle

Answer 20

Pairs undesirable behaviors with desirable acts to increase the behavior.

Question 21

Punishers

Answer 21

Decrease the likelihood a behavior will be repeated.

Question 22

Skinner

Answer 22

Behavior Theorist; Operant conditioning, reinforced behavior is likely to be repeated and not reinforced behavior is less likely to be repeated.

Question 23

Thorndike

Answer 23

Behavior Theorist; Law of Effect, behaviors that result in a favorable consequence will be repeated and those that result in unfavorable consequences will not be repeated..

Question 24

Transitions

Answer 24

Periods of time when teachers focus a student’s attention on completing one task and finishing another.

Question 25

Wait Time

Answer 25

Allowing students the needed time to transition from one activity to the next or from one place in the learning environment to another.