Ch. 2 (Midterm) Flashcards
(28 cards)
System
any structure or organization of related structures whose state of motion is of analytical interest
-i.e. an entire human, part of the human, an object kicked, or thrown by the human
Medial
position or movement TOWARD the midline of the body
Lateral
positions of movement AWAY from the midline of the body
Know Anterior and Posterior, Superior and Inferior
A: front
P: back
S: above
I: below
Proximal and Distal
P: closer to the attachment of a limb to the body
D: having a position further from the attachment of the limb to the body
Superficial and Deep
S: closer to the surface of the body
D: further from the surface of the body
Cardinal Planes
Planes that passes through the midline of the body
- divides the mass in half
- 3 cardinal planes: sagittal, frontal, transverse
Axes (3)
mediolateral: side-to-side, sagittal plane
anteroposterior: front to back, frontal plane
superiorinferior: top to bottom, transverse plane
Center of Mass (aka center of gravity)
the point that represents the average location of a systems mass
- all cardinal planes pass through this point
- gravitational pull is concentrated here
Motions at the sagittal plane (5)
flexion extension dorsiflexion plantarflexion hyperextension
Motions at the frontal plane (8)
adduction abduction elevation depression eversion inversion deviation lateral flexion
Motions at the transverse plane (8)
rot. to left
rot. to right
internal rot.
external rot.
protraction
retraction
pronation
supination
Closed Skills
a skill performed under standard environmental conditions
-i.e. free throw: goal is same height, FT line is same distance from goal, ball is same size.
Open Skills
a skill that must be altered because of the changing dynamics of the activity, environment, or object of interest
-i.e. passing and dribbling during a soccer game: dribbling constantly changes rom defensive pressure, open spaces, position of teammates, and velocity of player with the ball
Motion
change in position with respect to spatial and temporal frames of reference
-no motion occurs without force
Force
something that possesses the capability to cause a change in motion of the shape of the system
Rectilinear Translation
path of a system is a straight line
-i.e. dropping an object
Curvilinear Translation
path of a system is a curved line
-i.e. a ski jumper
Rotation (Angular Motion)
occurs when the system is restricted to move around a fixed axis – therefore in a circular path
-i.e. the radius rotating at the elbow
Skills (3)
Discrete
Continous
Serial
Discrete
movement with a definite beginning and end point
-i.e. long jump
Continuous
cycles of motion performed repeatedly with no well-defined beginning or end points
-i.e. walking
Serial
movements the appear to be continuous but are really a combination of discrete motions
-i.e. triple jump
Kinetic Chain
system of linked rigid bodies subject for force application
- simple
- complex
- open
- closed
