Ch. 2 Polar Covalent Binds And Acids and Bases

Question 1

These electrons are bonded and attracted more strongly by one atom than the other.

Answer 1

Polar covalent bond

Question 2

Electron distribution between atoms is not symmetrical.

Answer 2

Polar covalent bonds

Question 3

Intrisitic ability of an atom.yo attract the shared electrons in a covalent bond

Answer 3

Electronegativity

Question 4

Electronegativity across the periodic table increases how?

Answer 4

From left to right and bottom to top with upper right being the highest

Question 5

Halogens attract electrons…

Answer 5

strongly

Question 6

Metals on the left side of the table attract electrons…

Answer 6

weakly

Question 7

Non-polar covalent bond have atoms with ___ EN.

Answer 7

Similar

Question 8

Polar covalent bonds have atoms with EN ____ than 2.

Answer 8

less than

Question 9

Ionic bonds have atoms with EN ___ than 2

Answer 9

greater

Question 10

This is the shifting of electrons in a bond in response to EN of nearby atoms.

Answer 10

Inductive effect

Question 11

What color are electron rich areas on an electrostatic potential map?

Answer 11

red

Question 12

What color are electron poor areas on an electrostatic potential map?

Answer 12

blue

Question 13

The arrows in an electrostatic map indicate what?

Answer 13

Direction of bond polarity.

Question 14

This is a net molecular polarity, due to difference in summed charges.

Answer 14

Dipole moment

Question 15

What is the symbol for a dipole moment.

Answer 15

mu

Question 16

If a molecule has no center of symmetry and the dipoles do not cancel then there is____

Answer 16

A dipole moment

Question 17

If a molecule has a center of symmetry then the dipoles cancel each other out then ___

Answer 17

There is no dipole moment

Question 18

If bond dipoles do not cancel each other out then a molecule will have a ___ ____.

Answer 18

dipole moment.

Question 19

The most polar bond is one that joins the two atoms together with the bigger difference in

Answer 19

EN.

Question 20

The stronger atom with higher EN in a polar bond has a net charge of?

Answer 20

• negative

Question 21

The weaker atom with a lower EN in a polar bond has a net charge of?

Answer 21

+positive

Question 22

This is comparing the bonding of an atom in the molecule to the valence electron structure.

Answer 22

Formal Charges

Question 23

If an atom has one more electron in the molecule it is shown with a __ charge.

Answer 23

• negative

Question 24

If an atom has one less electron in the molecule it is shown with a ___ charge.

Answer 24

+positive

Question 25

Molecules that have structures that cannot be shown with a single representation.

Answer 25

resonance

Question 26

Resonance forms differ only in the placement of their ___ bonds or ___ electrons.

Answer 26

pi or nonbonding

Question 27

The resonance structure is more ___ than any individual resonance form would be.

Answer 27

stable

Question 28

The curved arrow on a resonance structure shows what?

Answer 28

That a pair of electrons moves from the atom or bond at the tail of the arrow to the atom or bond at the head of the arrow.

Question 29

Any 3 atoms grouping with a __ orbital on each atom has two resonance forms.

Answer 29

p

Question 30

This acid is a substance that donates a hydrogen cation (H+)

Answer 30

Bronsted acid

Question 31

This base is a substance that accepts a hydrogen cation (H+)

Answer 31

Bronsted base

Question 32

This is a symbol for H+

Answer 32

a proton

Question 33

This acid is a substance that can accept an electron pair from a base.

Answer 33

Lewis acid

Question 34

This base is a substance that can donate an electron lone pair to an acid.

Answer 34

Lewis Base

Question 35

This is the negative common logarithm of the ___ used to express acid strength

Answer 35

pKa

Question 36

This is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of an acid with water to form a hydronium ion and the conjugate base is a measure related to the strength of the acid.

Answer 36

Keq

Question 37

Stonger acids have a ___ Keq.

Answer 37

larger

Question 38

Weaker acids have a ___ Keq.

Answer 38

smaller

Question 39

This is the acidity constant.

Answer 39

Ka

Question 40

Ka ranges from 10^15 for ___ acids and 10^60 for ____ acids.

Answer 40

stonger | weaker

Question 41

pKa is similar to___.

Answer 41

pH

Question 42

A low pKa = a low pH which is a ___ acid.

Answer 42

stronger

Question 43

pKa= -log of?

Answer 43

Ka

Question 44

Organic acids area characterized by...

Answer 44

the presence of positively polarized hydrogen atoms.

Question 45

These lose a proton from O-H such as methanol and lose a proton from C-H.

Answer 45

Organic acids

Question 46

An anion is stabilized by having a ___ charge on a highly electronegative atom and by resonance.

Answer 46

negative

Question 47

This is the most common organic bases.

Answer 47

Nitrogen containing compounds derived from ammonia

Question 48

These have an atom with a lone pair of electrons that can bond to H+

Answer 48

Organic bases

Question 49

Vacant orbitals are ready to accept for which type of acid?

Answer 49

Lewis acid

Question 50

Full orbitals are ready to donate for which type of base?

Answer 50

Lewis base

Question 51

A + charge on an ion makes it an electron acceptor which is a?

Answer 51

which is a lewis acid

Question 52

Organic chemistry is ___ space.

Answer 52

3-D

Question 53

This is the most important noncovalent interaction in biological molecules. The forces are result of attractive interaction between a hydrogen bonded to an electronegative atom and an unshared electron pair on another O or N atom.

Answer 53

Hydrogen bonds

Question 54

This is the weakest intermolecular force and is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.

Answer 54

Dispersion Force