Ch. 3 Alkanes and their Stereochemistry Flashcards
(49 cards)
Non aromatic hydrocarbons such as a simple alkane, alkene or alkyne.
Aliphatic compounds
Compound of carbon and hydrogen with only single bonds.
Alkane
The partial structure that remains when a hydrogen atom is removed from and alkane.
Alkyl Group
The geometric arrangement around a carbon-carbon single bond in which the two largest substituents are 180 degrees apart as viewed in a Newman projection.
Anti- conformation
Alkanes that contain a branching connection of carbons as opposed to straight chain alkanes. One or more C’s connected to 3-4 C’s.
Branched chain alkanes.
3D shape of a molecules at any given instant, assuming that the rotation around single bonds is frozen.
Conformations
Confirmational isomers
Conformers
Isomers that differ in how their atoms are arranged in chains are called constitutional isomers. They must have the same molecular formula.
Constitutional isomers
Geometric arrangement around a carbon-carbon single bond in where the bonds to substituents on one carbon are parallel to the binds to substituents on the neighboring carbon as viewed on a Newman projection.
Eclipsed conformation
An atom or group of atoms that is part of a larger molecule and has a characteristic chemical reactivity.
Functional Group
The chemistry of every organic molecule is determined by the ____ _____ it contains.
Functional Group
The conformation of butane in which the two methyl groups lie 60 degrees apart as viewed in a newman projection.
Gauche-confirmation
A class of compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
hydrocarbons
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures.
Isomers
Means of indicating stereochemical relationships between substituent groups on neighboring carbons. The carbon-carbon bond viewed head on, carbons indicated by a circle.
Newman projection
Bonds radiating from the center of the circle in the newman projection are attached to the ___ carbon.
Front
Bonds radiating from the edge of the circle are attached to the ___ carbon.
Rear
A generalized abbreviation for an organic partial structure.
R- group
A molecule that has only single bonds and cant undergo addition reactions.
Saturated
___ are saturated and ___ are unsaturated.
Alkanes
Alkenes
3D arrangement of atoms around a carbon-carbon single bond in which the bonds on one carbon bisect the bond angles on the second carbon as viewed on end.
staggered confirmation
Branch of chemistry concerned with the 3D arrangement of atoms in molecules.
Stereochemistry
The strain imposed on a molecule when two groups are too close together and try to occupy the same space.
Steric Strain
___ ___ is responsible for the greater stability of trans vs cis alkenes as well as the greater stability of equatorially substituted vs. axially substituted cyclohexanes.
Steric Strain
