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Medical Terminology > Ch 2. Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole > Flashcards

Ch 2. Terms Pertaining to the Body as a Whole Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up proteins from amino acids

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2
Q

catabolism

A

process where complex nutrients broken down to simpler substances, energy released

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3
Q

cell membrane

A

surrounding and protecting cell

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

rod shaped structures in nucleus with DNA/genes. 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs

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5
Q

cytoplasm

A

material outside nucleus

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6
Q

DNA

A

chemical found within each chromosome

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7
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within cytoplasm of cell, proteins made

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8
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosome

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9
Q

karyotype

A

picture of chromosomes in nucleus of cell

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10
Q

metabolism

A

total of chemical processes

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11
Q

mitochondira

A

provide principal source of energy for cell

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12
Q

nucleus

A

control center for cell, contains chromosomes

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13
Q

Digestive system

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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14
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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15
Q

Urinary/Excretory system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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16
Q

ureters

A

tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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17
Q

urethra

A

tube from the bladder to the outside of the body

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18
Q

Respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

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19
Q

larynx

A

voice box

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20
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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21
Q

Reproductive system

A

F: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
M: testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

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22
Q

Endocrine system

A

thyroid gland, pituitary gland, sex glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands

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23
Q

adrenal glands

A

at base of brain

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24
Q

Nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves

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25
Circulatory system
blood vessels, heart, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland
26
Musculoskeletal system
muscles, bones, joints
27
Skin and sense organs
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, eye, ear, nose, tongue
28
adipose tissue
collection of fat cells
29
cartilage
flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints
30
epithelial cells
skin cells that cover th outside of body and line internal organs
31
histologist
specialist in the study of tissues
32
thyroid gland
endocrine gland that surrounds trachea in neck
33
uterus
womb, holds embryo as it develops
34
viscera
internal organs
35
Cranial cavity
brain, pituitary gland
36
Thoracic cavity
lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta
37
pleura; Pleural cavity
double membrane surrounding lungs; space surrounding each lung
38
Mediastinum
centrally located space outside/between lungs
39
Abdominal cavity
kidneys, stomach, intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, gallblader
40
peritoneum
double folded membrane surrounding abdominal cavity
41
diaphragm
muscle divides abdominal and thoracic cavities; aids in breathing
42
Pelvic cavity
portions of SI and LI, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, ureters
43
Spinal cavity
nerves of spinal cord
44
dorsal (posterior)
pertaining to the back
45
ventral (anterior)
pertaining to the front
46
cervical
neck region (C1-7)
47
thoracic
chest region (T1-12)
48
lumbar
waist region (L1-5)
49
sacrum; sacral region
five bones (s1-5) fused to form one bone
50
coccygeal
region of the coccyx (tailbone)
51
vertebra
single backbone
52
vertebrae
backbones
53
spinal column
bone tissue surrounding spinal cavity
54
spinal cord
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
55
disk (disc)
pad of cartilage between vertebrae
56
deep
away from the surface
57
distal
far from pint of attachment
58
frontal (coronal) plane
vertical plane dividing into anterior and posterior portions
59
inferior (caudal)
below another structure
60
lateral
pertaining to the side
61
medial
middle
62
posterior (dorsal)
back surface of the body
63
prone
lying on belly
64
proximal
near point of attachment
65
sagittal (lateral) plane; midsagittal
dividing the body into left and right
66
superficial
on the surface
67
superior (cephalic)
above another structure
68
supine
lying on back
69
transverse (axial) plane
horizontal plane dividing body into upper and lower portions

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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