Ch 20,21

Question 0

Genetic engineering

Answer 0

Direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes

Question 1

Recombinant DNA

Answer 1

Combine DNA from 2 diff sources, often 2 species in vitro

Question 2

Cloning-using bacteria and their plasmids to make multiple copies of a gene, what is a plasmid?

Answer 2

Small circular DNA molecule that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome

Question 3

Restriction enzymes

Answer 3

Cut DNA molecules at specific DNA sequences called restriction sites. Not random

Question 4

Some restriction enzymes cut DNA in a _____ way, producing fragments with ____ends

Answer 4

Staggered, sticky

Question 5

What seals the DNA strands together after 2 sticky ends pair up?

Answer 5

DNA ligase

Question 6

In gene cloning the original plasmid is called a _______

Answer 6

Cloning vector

Question 7

Cloning vector

Answer 7

DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and replicate there

Question 8

Blue/white selection, which colony has the recombinant plasmid?

Answer 8

Blue

Question 9

DNA cloning
4 things
SCLR

Answer 9

sequence of a gene
Compare genes and alleles bt ppl
Locate gene expression in a body
role of a gene in an organism

Question 10

DNA cloning takes ____ time than pcr.

Answer 10

More

Question 11

PCR polymerase chain reaction-3C

Answer 11

3 step cycle-heating, cooling, and replication brings chain reaction
Can produce many copies of a specific target segment of DNA

Question 12

Compared to cloning, pcr only takes about ____ hours

Answer 12

2-3

Question 13

PCR heating (denaturation)

Answer 13

Separates strands

Question 14

PCR cooling (annealing)

Answer 14

allow H bonds to form

Question 15

PCR cycle 2 yields

Answer 15

4 molecules

Question 16

PCR cycle 3 yields ____ molecules

Answer 16

8, 2 of which match the target sequence

Question 17

Analyze DNA samples using gel electrophoresis

Answer 17

Uses gel as a molecular sieve to separate nucleus acids by size after applied current

Question 18

Sequencing DNA: dideoxy chain termination method

Answer 18

ddNTP attach to synthesized DNA strands at specific location, each has distinct fluorescent label which can be read by spectrogram

Question 19

PCR can be used in medical applications to detect genetic disorders, can also be tested using _____

Answer 19

Genetic markers

Question 20

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

T
C

Answer 20

Single base pair sites
Useful genetic markers
Some cause changes in restriction sites

Question 21

When a restriction enzyme is used, SNPs result in DNA fragments with diff lengths, or ______

Answer 21

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

Question 22

Recombinant can have disease marker but not have disease. T or F

Answer 22

T

Question 23

Human gene therapy

Answer 23

Alteration of an afflicted individuals genes

Treats disorders traceable to single defective gene

Question 24

Short tandem repeats (STR)

Answer 24

Variations in the number of repeats of specific DNA sequences

Question 25

Genomics

Answer 25

Study of whole sets of genes and their interactions

Question 26

Bioinformatics

Answer 26

Computational methods of biological data

Question 27

Three stages of human genome project

Answer 27

Linkage (genetic) mapping Physical mapping DNA sequencing

Question 28

Linkage map (genetic map)

Answer 28

Maps location of several thousand genetic markers on each chromosome

Question 29

Genetic marker

Answer 29

Gene or other identifiable DNA sequence

Question 30

Physical map

Answer 30

Distance in base pairs between genetic markers

Question 31

Whole genome shotgun approach

Answer 31

Skips genetic and physical mapping | Sequences random DNA fragments

Question 32

The 3 stage genome approve takes longer to map, but the ____ is easier

Answer 32

Sequencing

Question 33

Proteomics

Answer 33

Systematic study of all proteins encoded by a genome | -proteins, not genes carry out most of the activities of the cell

Question 34

Within each domain there (is/is not) a relationship between genome size and phenotype.

Answer 34

Is not

Question 35

____% does not code for proteins, rRNAs, or tRNAs

Answer 35

98.5

Question 36

Most of eukaryotic genome consist of _____dna

Answer 36

Non coding

Question 37

In the non coding regions there is high _____

Answer 37

Sequence conservation

Question 38

Transposable elements

Answer 38

Move from one site to another in a cells DNA

Question 39

Eukaryotic transposable elements (2)

Answer 39

Transposons-DNA | Retrotransposons-RNA

Question 40

Transposons

Answer 40

Move via DNA intermediate | Copy paste or cut paste

Question 41

Retrotransposons

Answer 41

Reverse transcribed into DNA

Question 42

Multiple copies of similar transposable elements may facilitate recombination, or crossing over, between non homologous chromosomes, results in change in ___

Answer 42

Chromosome structure

Question 43

Causes for changes in genome size and structure

Answer 43

Duplication of entire chromosome sets Alterations of chromosome structure Transposons