Exam 4

Question 0

Gametes

Answer 0

Reproductive:sperm and eggs, half half as many chromosomes as somatic cells

Question 1

Somatic cells

Answer 1

Non reproductive, have 2 sets of chromosomes. Ex: 46 in humans

Question 2

What are the phases in a cell cycle

Answer 2

Mitotic, interphase

Question 3

In which phase is DNA replicated

Answer 3

S phase

Question 4

How are chromosome separated during mitosis

Answer 4

Kinetichures pull apart in anaphase

Question 5

How do plant cells differ from animal cells in the process of cell division

Answer 5

Form cell wall

Question 6

Mitotic phase

Answer 6

Mitosis:division of nucleus
Cytokinesis:division of cytoplasm

Question 7

Interphase phases

Answer 7

G1 (1st gap)
S (synthesis) DNA replication
G2 (2nd gap) prepare for division

Question 8

Mitosis 5 phases

Answer 8

Prophase
Pro metaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 9

Centrosomes

Answer 9

Microtubules organizing center

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

Narrow waist of duplicated chromosome

Question 11

Mitotic spindle

Answer 11

Centrosomes, spindle microtubules, and asters. Controls chromosome movement

Question 12

If no cytokinesis occurs

Answer 12

No division, number of chromosomes doubles

Question 13

What signals regulate the cell cycle?

Answer 13

Internal and external

Question 14

What molecules are involved in cell cycle control

Answer 14

Cyclin and cyclin dependent kinases

Question 15

Consequences of uncontrolled cell cycle

Answer 15

Cancer

Question 16

External signals

Answer 16

Growth factors
Density dependent inhibition
Anchorage dependencw

Question 17

The decline of MPF activity at the end of mitosis is due to

Answer 17

The degradation of cyclin

Question 18

Units of heredity, made up of segments of DNA

Answer 18

Gene

Question 19

Specific location on a certain chromosome

Answer 19

Locus

Question 20

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 20

Very similar. 1 each from mother and father.

Question 21

Meiosis reduces number of chromosome sets from ____ to ______

Answer 21

Diploid to haploid

Question 22

Meiosis 1

Answer 22

Separation of homologous chromosomes

• 2 haploid daughter cells
• reductional division

Question 23

Meiosis 2

Answer 23

Separation of sister chromatids

• 4 haploid daughter cells
• equational division

Question 24

Meiosis 4 phases PMAT

Answer 24

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase and cytokinesis

Question 25

Meiosis prophase 1

Answer 25

90% of time Synapsis=unique Chiasmata: x shaped regions with crossing over

Question 26

Meiosis metaphase 1

Answer 26

Tetrads line up at metaphase plate, microtubules attach to each side

Question 27

Differences bt mitosis and meiosis

Answer 27

Meiosis has 2 cycles. (1 and 2). 4 haploid, genetically different Mitosis has 1 division. 2 haploid, same as parent

Question 28

3 things unique to meiosis

Answer 28

Synapsis and crossing over | Tetrads

Question 29

Synapsis and crossing over in prophase 1

Answer 29

Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange genetic infirmation

Question 30

Tetrads

Answer 30

Paired homologous chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate

Question 31

Law of segregation

Answer 31

2 alleles for a heritable character seperate and end up in different gametes

Question 32

Homozygous

Answer 32

2 identical alleles for a character

Question 33

Heterozygous

Answer 33

2 different alleles

Question 34

Phenotype

Answer 34

Physical appearance

Question 35

Genotype

Answer 35

Geneticmakeup

Question 36

One character of F1 offspring produce

Answer 36

Mono hybrids, heterozygous forone character

Question 37

Crossing 2 true breed parents differing in 2 characters produces

Answer 37

Dihybrids, YyRr examle

Question 38

If 2 genes are always inherited together, then the dihybrid offspring ratio will be

Answer 38

3 to 1

Question 39

If 2 genes are inherited independent, then the dihybrid offspring ratio will be

Answer 39

9:3:3:1

Question 40

Law of independent assortment

Answer 40

Each pair of alleles segregate independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation

Question 41

Ind assor only applies to genes on diff, nonhomologous chromosomes. Genes near each other on same chromosome tend to:

Answer 41

Be inherited together

Question 42

Genes are located on

Answer 42

Chromosomes

Question 43

A gene located on either sex chromosome is called

Answer 43

A sex linked gene

Question 44

Sex linked genes are usually on the x chr, recessive sex linked disorders are more common in males because:

Answer 44

A male only needs one copy of the recessive allele since they only have 1 x chr

Question 45

Linked genes

Answer 45

On same chr and tend to inherit together. Do not follow inheritance pattern. Ind assor only applies to unlinked genes

Question 46

The production of offspring with combinations of traits differing from either parent

Answer 46

Genetic recombination

Question 47

A ___% Frequency of recombination is observed for any two genes on different chromosomes

Answer 47

50

Question 48

The reason for recombinants is

Answer 48

Crossing over

Question 49

The farther apart two genes are the _______ the probability that a crossover will occur between them and therefore the higher the recombination frequency

Answer 49

Higher

Question 50

Extranuclear genes are usually inherited ______ because zygotes cytoplasm comes from the egg

Answer 50

Maternally

Question 51

Genomic imprinting

Answer 51

Silence of certain stamped gene