Ch 20 Infection Control

Question 1

And exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction that in severe cases leads to vascular collapse, bronchospasm and shock.

Answer 1

Anaphylaxis

Question 2

Immunoglobulins Produced by the immune system in response to bacteria, viruses, or other antigenic substances

Answer 2

Antibodies

Question 3

Foreign substance that causes the production of a specific antibody

Answer 3

Antigen

Question 4

Substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms on living tissue so they are used to cleanse the skin,wounds, etc…

Answer 4

Antiseptic

Question 5

Pertaining to a disturbance in the immune system in which the body reacts against its own tissue

EX. Multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systematic lupus erythematosus

Answer 5

Autoimmune

Question 6

Infection caused by a yeast that typically affects the vagina mucosa and skin.

Answer 6

Candidiasis

Question 7

To form into clots

Answer 7

Coagulate

Question 8

Soiled with pathogen’s or infectious material; non-sterile

Answer 8

Contaminated

Question 9

A liquid chemical that is capable of illuminating many or all pathogen’s but is not effective against bacterial spores; it cannot be used on skin

Answer 9

Disinfectant

Question 10

Micro organisms that live on one within the body; they compete with disease producing micro organisms and provide a natural immunity against certain sections.

Answer 10

Flora

Question 11

Contaminated, nonliving objects that Can transmit infectious organisms.

Answer 11

Fomites

Question 12

Agents that destroy pathogenic organisms

Answer 12

Germicide

Question 13

Pertaining to a characteristic, condition, or disease transmitted from parent to offspring on the DNA chain

Answer 13

Hereditary

Question 14

A protein formed when a cell is exposed to a virus; protein blocks viral action on the cell and protects against viral invasion.

Answer 14

Interferon

Question 15

Infections that are acquired in a healthcare setting

Answer 15

Nasocomial Infections

Question 16

Infections caused by a normally non-pathogenic organisms in a host his resistance has been decreased.

Answer 16

Opportunistic infections

Question 17

A substance that relieves or alleviate the symptoms of a disease without curing the disease.

Answer 17

Palliative

Question 18

The injection or introduction of substances into the body by any route other than the digestive track.

EX: injections

Answer 18

Parenteral

Question 19

Pertaining to a disease causing microorganism.

Answer 19

Pathogenic

Question 20

Allowing a substance to pass or soak through

Answer 20

Permeable

Question 21

The presence of pus forming organisms in the blood.

Answer 21

Pyemia

Question 22

The reoccurrence of the symptoms of a disease after a parent recovery.

Answer 22

Relapse

Question 23

The partial or complete disappearance of the clinical and subjective characteristics of a chronic or malignant disease.

Answer 23

Remission

Question 24

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose.

Answer 24

Rhinitis

Question 25

I think world, dormant form of bacteria that is very resistant to disinfection measures.

Answer 25

Spore

Question 26

Free of all micro organisms, pathogenic and nonpathogenic.

Answer 26

Sterile

Question 27

Any fungal skin disease that results in scalene, itching, and inflammation.

Answer 27

Tinea

Question 28

A skin irruption that creates inflamed wheals; hives.

Answer 28

Urticaria

Question 29

Animals or insects that transmit the causative organism’s disease.

Answer 29

Vectors

Question 30

Defined as any sustained, harmful alteration of the normal structure, function, or metabolism of an organism or cell.

Answer 30

Disease

Question 31

Any disease caused by the growth of pathogenic Michael open isms in the body falls into the category of_______ _______.

Answer 31

Infectious diseases

Question 32

When someone is infected with the disease but is unaffected.

Answer 32

Carrier

Question 33

This needs nutrients, moisture, body temperature, oxygen, and a neutral pH in order to flourish.

Answer 33

Conditions required for microbial growth

Question 34

This involves 6 steps: 1) infectious agent 2) reservoir host 3) portal of exit 4) mode of transportation 5) portal of entry 6) susceptible host

Answer 34

The chain of infection

Question 35

The first step in the chain of infection Five groups make up the pathogenic agents or microorganisms: 1)Viruses: Intracellular parasites that take over the DNA or RNA of the invaded cell 2)bacteria: Tiny simple cells that produce disease in a variety of ways 3)protozoa and worms: Unicellular parasites that can replicate and then multiply rapidly once inside the host 4)fungi: unicellular or multicellular organisms like mushrooms 5)rickettsia: Micro organisms that have characteristics of both bacteria and viruses

Answer 35

Infectious agent

Question 36

The second step in the chain of infection They may be people, insects, animals, water, food or contaminated instruments and equipment. They supply nutrition for the organism, allowing it to multiply.

Answer 36

Reservoir host

Question 37

The third step in the chain of infection This step has to do with how the pathogen escapes the reservoir host Exits include the mouth, nose, eyes, ears, intestines, urinary track, reproductive tract and open wounds

Answer 37

Portal of exit

Question 38

The fourth step in the chain of infection This step deals with how the organisms spread by transmission. It can be either: - direct: Occurs from contact with an infected person or with discharges from an infected person - indirect: occurs from droplets in the air expelled by coughing, and speaking or sneezing or from contaminated food or drink or contact with contaminated objects called fomites At this step proper sanitation of water and food, the use of sanitation, disinfection and sterilization procedures and the use of germicides can help control the transmission of pathogen’s

Answer 38

Mode of transmission

Question 39

The fifth step in the chain of infection This is how the transmitted pathogen games entry into a new host. The means of entry may include: the mouth, nose, eyes, intestines, urinary track, reproductive system or an open wound First line of defense is an in tact into the menterry system other defense mechanisms also include tears, cilia, mucous membranes and the pH of body fluids The second line of defense includes the inflammatory process and the immune system response.The immune system response with humoral immunity or /and cell mediated immunity

Answer 39

Portal of entry

Question 40

The sixth step in the chain of infection This final link in the chain is exposure of the pathogen to a new host and its multiplication w/in the host Factors that contribute to this step R: location of entry, the dose of organisms, and the individual state of health.

Answer 40

Susceptible host

Question 41

When the immune system response by producing anti-bodies specifically designed to combat the presence of a foreign substance or antigen

Answer 41

Humoral immunity

Question 42

When the immune system reacts at the cellular level with T cell activity by causing the distraction of pathogenic cells at the site of invasion

Answer 42

Cell mediated immunity

Question 43

Happens when the body initiate specific responses to destroy and ruin his pathogenic organisms and their byproducts. This process results in the 4 classic symptoms: - erythema (redness) - edema (swelling) - pain - heat These actions are designed to increase the number of WBC’s at the injury site Cell damage> - blood vessels dilate> inflammation and heat - blood vessel become more permeable> edema> pain - chemotaxis attracts WBC’s > All end with causing phagocytosis

Answer 43

The inflammatory response