Ch. 21

Question 1

One effect of the first Battle of Bull Run was

Answer 1

to increase the South’s already dangerous overconfidence.

Question 2

The primary weakness of General George McClellan as a military commander was

Answer 2

his excessive caution and reluctance to use his troops in battle

Question 3

After the unsuccessfrrl Peninsula Campaign, Lincoln and the Union turned to

Answer 3

a new strategy based on “total war” against the Confederacy

Question 4

The Union blockade of Confederate ports was

Answer 4

initially leaky but eventually effective

Question 5

Antietam was one of the crucial battles of the Civil War because

Answer 5

it prevented British and French recognition of the Confederacy

Question 6

Officially, the Emancipation Proclamation freed only

Answer 6

slaves under control of the rebellious Confederate states

Question 7

The political effects of the Emancipation Proclamation were

Answer 7

to strengthen the North’s moral cause but weaken the Lincoln administration in the Border
States and parts of the North.

Question 8

The thousands of black soldiers in the Union Army

Answer 8

added a powerful new weapon to the antislavery dimension of the Union cause

Question 9

Lee’s goals in invading the North in the summer of 1863 were

Answer 9

to strengthen the Northern peace movement and encourage foieign intervention in the war

Question 10

Grant’s capture of Vicksburg was especially important because

Answer 10

it quelled Northern peace agitation and cut off the Confederate trade route across the
Mississipi

Question 11

The “Copperheads” were

Answer 11

Northern Democrats who opposed the Union war effort

Question 12

Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s vice presidential running mate in 1864, was

Answer 12

a War Democrat

Question 13

Lincoln’s election victory in | 864 was sealed by Union military successes at

Answer 13

Mobile, Atlanta, and the Shenandoah Valley.

Question 14

Sherman’s march “from Atlanta to the sea” was especially notable for

Answer 14

its brutal use of “total war” tactics of destruction and pillaging against Southern civilian populations.

Question 15

As the Democratic party nominee in 1864, General George McClellan

Answer 15

repudiated the Copperhead platform that called for a negotiated settlement with the
Confederacy

Question 16

Bull Run

Answer 16

First major battle of the Civil War, in which untrained Northern troops and
civilian picnickers fled back to Washington

Question 17

Peninsula

Answer 17

McClellan’s disastrously unsuccessful attempt to end the war quickly by a
back-door conquest of Richmond

Question 18

Antietam

Answer 18

McClellan’s disastrously unsuccessful attempt to end the war quickly by a
back-door conquest of Richmond

Question 19

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 19

Document that proclaimed a war against slavery and guaranteed a fight to the
finish

Question 20

Unconditional

Answer 20

general U.S Grants nickname , taken from his military demand to the enemy at fort Donelson and elsewhere

Question 21

Vicksburg

Answer 21

Crucial Confederate fortress on the Mississippi whose fall to Grant in 1863 cut
the South in two

Question 22

Gettysburg

Answer 22

Pennsylvania battle that ended Lee’s last hopes of achieving victory through an
invasion of the North

Question 23

Ft. Pillow

Answer 23

Mississippi site where black soldiers were massacred after their surrende

Question 24

copperheads

Answer 24

Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and sympathized with the
Sout

Question 25

Mau wittent a country

Answer 25

Edward Everett Hale's story of treason and banishment, inspired by the wartime banishing of Copperhead Clement Vallandigham

Question 26

atlanta

Answer 26

Georgia city captured and burned by Sherman just before the election of 1864

Question 27

union party

Answer 27

The temporary 1864 coalition of Republicans and War Democrats that backed Lincoln's re-election

Question 28

fords theatre

Answer 28

Washington site where Lincoln was assassinated by Booth on April 14, 1865

Question 29

appomattox

Answer 29

Virginia site where Lee surrendered to Grant in April 1865

Question 30

"Lost Cause"

Answer 30

Romantic name given to the Southern fight for independence, indicating nobility despite defeat

Question 31

BullRun

Answer 31

Site of Union defeat in very early battle | of the war

Question 32

George McClellan

Answer 32

Union general who repudiated his party's Copperhead platform and polled 45 percent of the popular vote in 1864

Question 33

Robert E. Lee

Answer 33

Gentlemanly top commander of the | Confederate army

Question 34

Antietam

Answer 34

Crucial battle in Maryland that staved off European recognition of the Confederacy

Question 35

Stonewall Jackson

Answer 35

Daring Southern commander killed at | the Battle of Chancellorsvill

Question 36

george Pickett

Answer 36

Southern officer whose failed charge at Geffysburg marked'the high water mark of the Confederacy

Question 37

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 37

Union commander who first made his | mark with victories in the West

Question 38

Gettysburg

Answer 38

Site where Lee's last major invasion of | the North was turned back

Question 39

Vicksburg

Answer 39

Fortress whose capture split the | Confederacy in two

Question 40

William T. Sherman

Answer 40

Ruthless Northern general who waged | a march through Georgia

Question 41

Clement Vallandigham

Answer 41

Notorious Copperhead, convicted of treason. who ran for governor of Ohio while exiled to Canada

Question 42

Salmon P. Chase

Answer 42

Ambitious secretary of the treasury who wanted to replace Lincoln as president in 1864

Question 43

The wilderness

Answer 43

Site of one of Grant's bloody battles with the Confederates near Richmond in 1864

Question 44

Andrew Jackson

Answer 44

Site of one of Grant's bloody battles with the Confederates near Richmond in 1864

Question 45

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 45

Fanatical actor whose act of violence | actually harmed the South

Question 46

Political dissent by Copperheads | and jealous Republican

Answer 46

Made it difficult for Lincoln to | prosecute the war effectively

Question 47

A series of Union military | victories in late 1864

Answer 47

Ensured Lincoln's reelection and ended the South's last hope of achieving independence by political means

Question 48

The assassination of Lincoln

Answer 48

Deprived the nation of experienced | leadersh ip during Reconstruction

Question 49

Grant's Tennessee and Mississippi | River campaigns

Answer 49

Split the South in two and opened the | way for Sherman's invasion of Georgia

Question 50

The Battle of Bull Run

Answer 50

Led some southerners to believe they | would win an easy victory

Question 51

The Battle of Antietam

Answer 51

Enabled Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and blocked British and French interventio

Question 52

The Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 52

Ended the South's effort to win the war | by aggressive invasion

Question 53

Grant's final brutal campaign in | Virginia

Answer 53

Forced Lee to surrender at Appomatto

Question 54

The Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 54

Guaranteed that the South would fight | to the end to try to save slavery

Question 55

The growing Union manpower | shortage in 1863

Answer 55

Helped lead to the enlistment of black | fighting men in the Union Army

Question 56

1

Answer 56

Defeat in a battle near Washington, D.C., ends Union military complacenc

Question 57

2

Answer 57

A militarily indecisive battle in Maryland enables Lincoln to declare that the Civil War has become a war on slavery.

Question 58

3

Answer 58

Within one week, two decisive baftles in Mississippi and Pennsylvanialmost ensure the Confederacy's eventual defea

Question 59

4

Answer 59

In both Georgia and Virginia, determined Northern generals wage bloody and destructive "total war" against a weakened but still-resisting South.

Question 60

5

Answer 60

The Civil War ends with the defeated army granted generous terms of surrender

Question 61

The First Battle of Bull Run was the turning point of the Civil War because it convinced the South the war would be long and difficult.

Answer 61

False

Question 62

The Emancipation Proclamation was more important for its political effects on the North and Europe than for actually freeing large numbers of slaves.

Answer 62

true

Question 63

The Union's first military breakthroughs came on the eastern front in Maryland and Virginia.

Answer 63

false

Question 64

The Battle of Antietam was a turning point of the war because it prevented British and French recognition of the Confederacy.

Answer 64

true

Question 65

Lincoln's decision to make the war a fight against slavery was widely popular in the North.

Answer 65

false

Question 66

The use of black soldiers in the Union Army proved militarily ineffective.

Answer 66

false

Question 67

Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania in 1863 was intended to encourage the Northern peace movement and promote foreign intervention.

Answer 67

true

Question 68

The Northern victories at Vicksburg and Getfysburg effectively spelled doom for the Confederacy.

Answer 68

true

Question 69

In the final year of the conflict, Grant and Sherman waged a "total war,'that was immensely destructive of Southern lives and property

Answer 69

true

Question 70

The Northern Democrats were deeply divided between those who backed the war and those who favored peace negotiations with the South.

Answer 70

true

Question 71

The formation of a temporary "Union party" in 1864 was a device used by Lincoln to gain the support of prowar Democrats.

Answer 71

true

Question 72

The South's last hope was that the victory of a "Peace Democrat" in the election of I 864 would enable it to achieve its political goal of independence.

Answer 72

false

Question 73

The South's last hope was that the victory of a "Peace Democrat" in the election of I 864 would enable it to achieve its political goal of independence.

Answer 73

true

Question 74

Most Southerners eventually came to see Lincoln's assassination as a tragedy for them

Answer 74

true

Question 75

The Civil War failed to settle the central issues of slavery, states' rights, and secession that caused the war.

Answer 75

false