Ch 21 to Ch 24

Question 1

Life course

Answer 1

A concept recognizing that individuals move through stages in life defined in part by their personal biographies but also converging around transitional events that are roughly in common throughout a population (e.g., leaving school, leaving the parental home, entering a conjugal relationship). Life course transitions can be examined schematically by grouping key transitional events into meaningful life stages.

Question 2

Walkability

Answer 2

Configurations of urban space that are pedestrian-friendly and so promote walking from place to place within walkable sub-areas. A major goal of twenty-first-century land use planning is to increase the walkability of Canadian cities.

Question 3

Age-friendly Cities/Communities

Answer 3

A concept advanced by public agencies that asks local governments to take into account the particular needs of older people, who make up an increasing proportion of the population. This vision often draws on a three-part framework: (1) participation (2) health and (3) security and independence of the older population

Question 4

Governance

Answer 4

The work of government institutions, along with all the instances and processes with an impact on government decision-making. Governance thus provides a much broader perspective on the political process than the concept of government does.

Question 5

Multiculturalism

Answer 5

The official policy of the Canadian government that minority groups participate fully in Canadian society while also maintaining distinctively different social values, practices, and institutions, provided the latter adhere to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and provincial human rights legislation

Question 6

Ghettos

Answer 6

Space in cities that segregate low-income and/or minority households who lack the freedom, as a consequence of income and/or prejudice, to move into residential zones elsewhere in the city. Originally used in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries to refer to neighborhoods that housed segregated Jewish populations

Question 7

Food deserts

Answer 7

Areas of a city, usually of low income, without accessible outlets that provide healthy and affordable food for household consumption

Question 8

Brownfield sites

Answer 8

Former industrial locations that become the object of redevelopment efforts and may require decontamination

Question 9

Greyfield sites

Answer 9

Abandoned retail locations

Question 10

Food systems

Answer 10

The areas and agents that constitute the supply end of the food chain along with all the components of food distribution and consumption in cities

Question 11

Ecological footprint

Answer 11

The resource requirements of an urban area measured in terms of the surface of the earth needed to produce these resources. Ecological footprint can also refer to the surface of the planet needed to absorb (neutralize) the pollution generated by an urban area

Question 12

Regeneration

Answer 12

Renewal or re-growth of an obsolete sector of the economy or area of the city, such as the reinvigoration of the core and inner city in large Canadian metropolitan areas in the twenty-first century

Question 13

Community gardens

Answer 13

Land space provided by a municipality to individuals and/or groups who contract to actively use and maintain vegetation they have planted. Such gardens are believed to be a step towards municipal food self-sufficiency

Question 14

Livable cities

Answer 14

Cities generally agreed to be ‘good’ places to live. Often, livability is assessed using clearly defined indicators. Canadian cities generally have ranked high in published statistical reports that claim to measure urban quality of life or livability