Ch. 22 + 23

Question 1

How did the government contribute to the building of the national rail work?

Answer 1

They provided free grants of federal land to the railroad companies

Question 2

Which two railroads created the first continental line in 1869?

Answer 2

The Union Pacific and the Central Pacific

Question 3

Name the effects of transcontinental railroad lines

Answer 3

Immigration increased, cities grew larger, mining and agricultural industries had an easier time transporting goods, lands were depleted more quickly

Question 4

The Interstate Commerce Act

Answer 4

required railroads to publish their rates openly, prohibited rebates and pools, outlawed charging more for a short haul, set up the Interstate Commerce Commision

Question 5

What did the supreme court ruling St.Louis and Pacific Railroad Company V. Illinois establish?

Answer 5

prohibited states from regulating interstate commerce, which gave the federal government the sole power to regulate the Railroad industry

Question 6

Vertical Integration

Answer 6

Perfected by Andrew Carnegie, established monopolistic control of every phase of business

Question 7

Interlocking doctorates

Answer 7

placing officers of your own company onto various boards of directors of other companies, used by banker JP Morgan to consolidate competitors

Question 8

How did large trusts like Standard Oil and those of Swift and Armour justify the economic denomination of their industries?

Answer 8

Large- scale methods of production and distribution could provide superior products at low prices

Question 9

What was the basic belief of Social Darwinists

Answer 9

the idea that people gained wealth through “survival of the fittest” and that the wealthy did not owe anything to the poor

Question 10

What did the Sherman Anti-Trust Act state

Answer 10

the first congressional attempt to regulate business for the public good, forbade combinations in restraint of trade, contained legal loopholes, used to curb labor unions, was not very effective

Question 11

Who did southern textile mills generally employ?

Answer 11

poor whites recently of the farms

Question 12

Who did southern textile mills generally employ?

Answer 12

poor whites recently of the farms, blacks were excluded

Question 13

Which group was most dramatically altered by the new industrial age?

Answer 13

Women who came to work with typewriters and telephone switchboards, earned less than men, had smaller families and delayed marriages

Question 14

The National Labor Union won what for it’s workers?

Answer 14

An 8-hour work day

Question 15

What did the American Federation of Labor advocate for?

Answer 15

they concentrated on improving wages and hours of only skilled labors and avoided general social reform

Question 16

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 16

made no apology for the accumulation of wealth, believed in “survival of the fittest” but also that he should distribute his wealth, but not to just anyone

Question 17

Cotton Textiles

Answer 17

the industry gradually moved from the North to the South, where it came to dominate communities in the chronically depressed Piedmont region of Southern Appalachia

Question 18

Kerosene

Answer 18

Long before automobiles, this was the major product of the infant oil industry

Question 19

What was the most important factor promoting the construction of railroads after the Civil War?

Answer 19

government subsidies in the form of loans and land grants

Question 20

What was the primary base of the democratic party?

Answer 20

wealthy easterners, poor midwesterners, and debt-burdened agrarians

Question 21

What brought a halt to boss tweed’s widespread corruption?

Answer 21

The Journalistic exposes of the New York Times and Cartoonist Thomas Nast

Question 22

Why was the Democrat’s nomination of Horace Greeley as their presidential candidate in 1872 politically disastrous?

Answer 22

Greely had spent many years denouncing Democrats as morally deficient slave traders and traitors

Question 23

The depression that began with the panic of 1873 created the first major clamor for?

Answer 23

inflationary policies to be promoted by issuing greenbacks and other forms of soft money (particularly by debtors)

Question 24

What was the main reason for extremely high voter turnout and partisan fervor between the Democrats and the Republicans of the Gilded Age?

Answer 24

Sharp ethnic and cultural differences in the membership of the two parties

Question 25

The Compromise of 1877 resulted in

Answer 25

the return to Democratic-minded electoral politics in the South, the official end to reconstruction, the resolution of the 1876 election

Question 26

Which was a result of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

Answer 26

Chinese immigration was prohibited in the United States until 1943.

Question 27

The assassination of President James Garfield by a disappointed office seeker did what?

Answer 27

It shocked politicians into reforming the spoils system. Through the Pendleton Act of 1883, Congress established the Civil Service Commission, which granted federal government jobs on the basis of examinations instead of political patronage.

Question 28

Grover Cleveland always was insistent on

Answer 28

Telling the Truth

Question 29

What two primary factors influenced the mass immigration of the Chinese?

Answer 29

their empire was disintegrating, they came to america for the promise of working in gold mines, most were single men

Question 30

Kearneyites

Answer 30

Led by Irish-born Denis Kearney, composed of recently arrived European immigrants, they faced competition with Chinese Immigrants and were a hateful group against the Chinese

Question 31

What characterized the Immediate post Civil-War era and Grant’s administration

Answer 31

Corruption

Question 32

Jay Gould

Answer 32

Millionaire who conspired to corner the gold market in 1869 along with his partner Jim Fisk, bid the price of gold skyward and needed the Treasury to refrain from actually selling any gold in order for their plan to work

Question 33

Mugwumps

Answer 33

Reform- minded republicans who thought they had to align themselves with Democrats because the Republican party nominated James Blaine