Ch 2.3 Musculuskeletal/Heart Flashcards
Musculoskeletal (27 cards)
Long/Tubular Bone
Elongated shape. Ex: Femur and humerus
Short/Cuboidal Bone
Cube shaped bones in the carpal bones of the wrist and the tarsal bones of the ankle
Sesamoid Bone
A short bone formed within the tendons. Ex: Patella
Flat Bone
A layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone such as the skull and ribs
Irregular Bone
Ex: Vertebrae and zygoma
Closed Fracture
Doesn’t involve a break in the skin
Compound fracture
Projects through the skin
Comminuted fracture
More than 2 separate bone components- Segmental fracture, bony fragments
Transverse fracture
Breaks the shaft of a bone across the longitudinal axis
Greenstick fracture
Only 1 side of the shaft is broken and the other is bent; common in children
Spiral fracture
Spread along length of bone and produced by twisting stress
Colles’ fracture
Occurs in the wrist and affects the distal radius bone
Compression fracture
Occurs in vertebrae and is subject to extreme stress
Epiphyseal fracture
Occurs where the matrix is undergoing calcification and chrondrocytes are dying; usually seen in children
Cartilage
Non-vascular, flexible connective tissue matrix
Joints
Provide a connection between two or more skeletal parts. The 3 types are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
Axial skeleton
The skull, hyoid, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and sacrum.
Appendicular
The shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, and extremities.
Skeletal muscle
Aka striated muscle, attached to the skeleton. Contraction of it is under voluntary control.
Smooth muscle
In the walls of all hollow organs except the heart. Movement is generally involuntary.
Cardiac muscle
Aka heart muscle- makes up the walls of the heart.
Arteries
Most carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Veins
Most carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Capillaries
Tiny vessels that facilitate the exchange of fluids, oxygen, nutrients, and waste between local tissues and the blood stream.
