ch 24: echinodermata

Question 1

deuterostome development (4)

Answer 1

• radial and indeterminate cells
• folds on archenteron form coelom
• anus develops from blastopore
• nerve cords on dorsal side

Question 2

echino circ sys

Answer 2

closed

Question 3

what type of sym do echino larvae hacve

Answer 3

bi

Question 4

what type of sym do adults have

Answer 4

pentaradial

Question 5

what is a polian vesicle

Answer 5

dead end of the WVS

Question 6

3 uses for the WVS

Answer 6

• feeding
• locomotion
• gas exchange surface

Question 7

what can alter the connective tissues hardness/fluidity

Answer 7

the nervous sys

Question 8

class stelleroidea (3)

Answer 8

• sea stars
• brittle stars
• basket stars

Question 9

class echinoidea (2)

Answer 9

• urchins

- sand dollars

Question 10

class holothuroidea

Answer 10

sea cuces

Question 11

stelleroidea defining feat

Answer 11

arms radiate from central disc

Question 12

2 feats if asteroidea/sea stars

Answer 12

• arms thick and not used for locomotion

- predators

Question 13

4 functs of tube feet

Answer 13

• locomotion
• hold and pull apart prey
• excretion
• resp

Question 14

stelleroidea feeding (2)

Answer 14

• evert stomach to externally digest prey

- release digestive enzymes (pyloric cecae)

Question 15

3 protection feats in stelleroidea

Answer 15

• calcareous plates/ossicles
• ambulacral ossicles protect vessels and nerves of the arms
• pedicellariae = pinching jaws

Question 16

stelleroidea nerves (2)

Answer 16

• uncentralized nerve net

- tube feet at arm tips sense chemicals and light

Question 17

dermal branchiae in stelleroidea

Answer 17

skin gills - extra area for gas exchange

Question 18

do stelleroidea do asexual repro?

Answer 18

yes; budding

Question 19

stelleroidea fert

Answer 19

open

Question 20

weird thing about bilateral sea star larvae

Answer 20

rudiment forms at the expense of the rest of the larvae until it takes over and becomes the animal

Question 21

ophiuroidea (2)

Answer 21

brittle and basket stars

Question 22

3 diffs ophiuroidea have from asteroidea

Answer 22

• arms thinner and more obviously segregated from central disc
• move w/ arms
• arms can drop off at will and regenerate

Question 23

ophi feeding (4)

Answer 23

• deposit
• suspension
• carnivores
• scavengers

Question 24

ophi eating (2)

Answer 24

• tube feet bring food to mouth

- buccal podia and jaws compact food into pellets

Question 25

no ophi have an anus?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

bursae in ophi functs (3)

Answer 26

- resp - excretion - openings for gonads

Question 27

what is the bursae analgous to

Answer 27

mantle cavity

Question 28

test

Answer 28

a living "shell" which is a fusion of calcareous plates covered in ciliated epithelium and sometimes spines

Question 29

spine feats echinoids (4)

Answer 29

- wedging body into crevices - manipulating food - defense - can be replaced

Question 30

what 2 feats in echinoids are elongated

Answer 30

- tube feet | - pedicellariae

Question 31

urchins eat (3)

Answer 31

- bryozoans - detritus - algae

Question 32

urchin mouthparts

Answer 32

aristotle's lantern consisting of 5 teeth

Question 33

sand dollar feeding

Answer 33

capture diatoms and detritus and use mucus to draw them into mouth

Question 34

sand dollar resp

Answer 34

via tube feet and thin projections around mouth

Question 35

echino larvae

Answer 35

echinopluteus larvae

Question 36

sea cuces 5 rows of tube feet

Answer 36

- 3 ventral rows for locomotion | - 2 dorsal rows for resp

Question 37

holothuroidea skeleton

Answer 37

reduced to ring around pharynx and lil bumps in body wall

Question 38

what 2 things do sea cuces not have

Answer 38

- ambulacral ossicles | - madreporite

Question 39

holoth resp

Answer 39

resp tree

Question 40

feeding tentacles in holoth are modified

Answer 40

buccal podia

Question 41

holoth defense (4)

Answer 41

- evisceration - cuverian tubules - toxins in body wall - dig, hide, camo

Question 42

2 functs of evisceration

Answer 42

- may deter predators/distract/satisfy | - rids body of toxins

Question 43

3 feats of cuverian tubules

Answer 43

- can shoot out anus - toxic and sticky - detach and regenerate

Question 44

2 ways to repro in holoth

Answer 44

- asexual transverse fission and regeneration | - sexual: open fert

Question 45

2 crinoid feats

Answer 45

- capture suspended particles w/ tube feet and pass to mouth via cilia - WVS radial canals are in pinnules

Question 46

crinoid repro (3)

Answer 46

- separate sexes - gonads in pinnules - open fert