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Pediatrics > Ch. 25: Neonatal Echoencephalography Vocabulary > Flashcards

Ch. 25: Neonatal Echoencephalography Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

congenital blockage of the aqueduct commecting the third and fourth ventricles, which causes their dilatation

A

aqueductal stenosis

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2
Q

severe hypoxia, or inadequate oxygenation

A

asphyxia

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3
Q

The ventricle is measured at this site (anterior, occipital, and temporal horn junction) on the axial view

A

atrium (trigone) of the lateral ventricles

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4
Q

transducer is placed above the ear (above the canthomeatal line)

A

Axial plane

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5
Q

part of the brain connecting the forebrain and the spinal cord: consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

A

Brain stem

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6
Q

area of the brain that forms the lateral borders of the anterior horns, anterior to the thalamus

A

Caudate nucleus

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7
Q

Prominent structure best seen in the midline filled with cerebrospinal fluid in the premature infant

A

Cavum septum pellucidum

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8
Q

area of the brain that lies posterior to the brain stem below the tentorium

A

Cerebellum

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9
Q

Largest part of the brain consisting of two equal hemispheres

A

Cerebrum

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10
Q

Congenital defect in which the cerebellum and brain stem are pulled toward the spinal cord (banana sign); frontal bossing or “lemon head” is also evident on ultrasound

A

Chiari malformation

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11
Q

Echogenic cluster of cells important in the production of cerebrospinal fluid that lies along the atrium of the lateral ventricles

A

Choroid plexus

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12
Q

reservoir for cerebral spinal fluid

A

Cistern

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13
Q

Transducer is perpendicular to the anterior fontanelle in the coronal axis of the head

A

Coronal plane

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14
Q

Prominent group of nerve fibers that connect the right and left sides of the brain; found superior to the third ventricle

A

Corpus callosum

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15
Q

Abnormal development of the fourth ventricle, often accompanied by hydrocephalus

A

Dandy-Walker malformation

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16
Q

Treatment for infants with severe respiratory failure who have not responded to maximal conventional ventilatory support

A

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

17
Q

Echogenic fibrous structure (portion of the dura mater) that separates the cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx cerebri (interhemispheric fissure)

18
Q

Soft space between the bones: the space is usually large enough to accommodate the ultrasound transducer until the age of 12 months

A

Fontanelle

19
Q

Fragile periventricular tissue (includes the caudate nucleus) that easily bleeds in the premature infant

A

Germinal matrix

20
Q

Congenital defect characterized by abnormal single ventricular cavity with some form of thalami fusion; caused by an extra chromosome, the prosencephalon fails to devide into hemispheres during embryonic development

A

holopronsencephaly

21
Q

ventriculomegaly in the neonate; abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid with the cerebral ventricles, resulting in compression and frequently destruction of brain tissue

A

Hydrocephalus

22
Q

Decreased oxygen in the body

A

Hypoxia

23
Q

Three membranes enclosing the brain and spinal cord

A

meninges

24
Q

infant during the early newborn period

A

neonate

25
Q

Echogenic white matter necrosis (WMN) best seen in the posterior aspect of the brain or adjacent to the ventricular structures

A

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)

26
Q

Perpendicular to the coronal plane with the transducer in the anterior fontanelle

A

Sagittal plane

27
Q

fragile area beneath the ependyma that is subject to bleeding in the premature neonate; site of hemorrhage for the germinal matrix

A

Subependyma

28
Q

cyst that occurs at the site of previous bleed in the germinal matrix

A

Subependymal cyst

29
Q

groove on the surface of the brain that separates the gyri

A

Sulcus

30
Q

Echogenic V-shaped “tent” structure in the posterior fossa that separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

31
Q

the region at which the thalamus and caudate nucleus join; the most common location of germinal matrix hemorrhage

A

Thalamic-caudate groove or notch

32
Q

Two ovoid brain structures located midbrain, situated of either side of the third ventricle superior to the brain stem

A

Thalamus

33
Q

Inflammation or infection of the ventricles, which appears as echogenic linear structures along the gyri; may also appear as focal echogenic structures within the white matter

A

Ventriculitis

Pediatrics (5 decks)

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