Midterm review

Question 1

The conus medullaris is located at the approximately at the level of

Answer 1

L1-L2

Question 2

Early in development, the brain segments into 3 primary vesicles

Answer 2

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

Question 3

Extrahepatic obstruction in the neonate includes all except:

a. choledochal cyst
b. biliary atresia
c. hepatitis
d. spontaneous perforation of the bile ducts

Answer 3

Hepatitis

Question 4

What are common clinical findings in a patient with appendicitis?

Answer 4

RLQ pain, fever, nausea

Question 5

What percentage of premature infants may have intracranial hemorrhage?

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

True or false:

The cisterna magna gradually decreases with gestational age

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What pitfalls should be avoided when determining lateral ventricular size? (2)

Answer 7

Developing fetal cortical mantel,

Echogenic subarachnoid space

Question 8

What term is used for any cavitation or CSF- filled cyst in the brain?

Answer 8

Porencephaly

Question 9

Define the measurement used to determine whether appendicitis is present

Answer 9

an outer diameter greater than 6mm with compression

Question 10

What is the most common age and gender for pyloric stenosis to occur?

Answer 10

Male, age 3 to 6 weeks

Question 11

What is the “pseudokidney” or “sandwich” sign?

Answer 11

sonographic finding in a patient with intussusception

Question 12

The lateral ventricles drain into the 3rd ventricle via what structure?

Answer 12

Foramen of Monroe

Question 13

Name the fontanelle through which the neonatal brain may be scanned in the coronal plane.

Answer 13

Anterior fontanelle

Question 14

In the pediatric US examination of the abdomen, all of the following are true except:

a. the right hepatic lobe should not extend more than 1cm below the xiphoid process
b. the common bile duct should measure less the 2mm in infants up to 1 year of age
c. the length of the gallbladder should not exceed the length of the kidney
d. the texture of the pancreas is hypoechoic, when compared to the liver

Answer 14

The right hepatic lobe should not extend more than 1cm below the xiphoid process

Question 15

Which two complications are seen in patients with periventricular leukomalacia?

Answer 15

Anomalous myelination of the immature brain,

abnormal neurological development

Question 16

What connects the third and fourth ventricles?

Answer 16

acqueduct of Sylvius

Question 17

The most inferior portion of the spinal cord, located at- level of L1-L2, is called the

Answer 17

conus medullaris

Question 18

Agenesis of the corpus callosum may indicate what malformation?

Answer 18

Arnold-Chiari malformation

Question 19

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Answer 19

Memory

Question 20

The CSF circulated between the

Answer 20

pia matter and arachnoid

Question 21

What is the most common site for a choroid plexus hemmorrhage?

Answer 21

Occipital horn

Question 22

What soft tissue mass is seen to form a bridge of gray matter across the 3rd ventricle when it is abnormal?

Answer 22

Massa intermedia

Question 23

A subependymal hemorrhage is found at what site?

Answer 23

Thalamic-caudate groove (also called caudo-thalamate groove in some books)

Question 24

Which phrase describes intussusception in the infant?

Answer 24

occurs when bowel prolapses into more distal bowel and is propelled in an antegrade fashion

Question 25

What clinical criterion is used to determine if an infant may have pyloric stenosis?

Answer 25

Projectile vomiting

Question 26

In gastroschisis, the defect in the abdominal wall

Answer 26

is in the lateral abdomen

Question 27

In ectopia cardis, the following defect is present

Answer 27

a sternal cleft

Question 28

Which abnormality is most likely to be seen in the male infant?

Answer 28

pyloric stenosis