Ch 25 The Spine

Question 1

C1

Answer 1

atlas

Question 2

C2

Answer 2

axis

Question 3

C3-7

Answer 3

flexion, extension, rotation

Question 4

cervical

Answer 4

anterior

Question 5

thoracic

Answer 5

posterior. rotation

Question 6

lumbar

Answer 6

anterior. Major support of body. rotation, extension, flexion

Question 7

sacrum

Answer 7

posterior

Question 8

coccyx

Answer 8

anterior

Question 9

invertebral discs

Answer 9

between each vertebral body. Annulus fibrosus: surrounding strong fibrous tissue. Nucleus pulposus: semi-fluid center, shock absorber.

Question 10

anterior longitudinal lig

Answer 10

runs full length of spinal cord. limits extension

Question 11

posterior longitudinal lig

Answer 11

runs full length of spinal cord, limits flexion

Question 12

interspinous lig

Answer 12

between spinous processes, limits rotation

Question 13

supraspinous

Answer 13

length of spinous processes

Question 14

deep muscles

Answer 14

between vertebrae, stabilization of vertebrae, rotation

Question 15

superficial muscles

Answer 15

vertebrae to the ribs. runs the length of the spinal column, and helps to maintain posture, extension.

Question 16

Spinal cord

Answer 16

runs through vertebral foramen (behind vertebral body, in front of spinous processes

Question 17

nerve roots

Answer 17

branch out from spinal cord between each of the vertebrae, becoming the peripheral nerves

Question 18

spine movement allows

Answer 18

extension, flexion, rotation and lateral rotation

Question 19

most motion occurs in

Answer 19

cervical and lumbar spine

Question 20

cervical strengthening

Answer 20

resist excessive forces

Question 21

lumbar strengthening

Answer 21

core stabilization

Question 22

cervical flexibility

Answer 22

full range of motion necessary

Question 23

correct techniques in tackling

Answer 23

head up

Question 24

correct tech in lifting

Answer 24

lift with legs, not back

Question 25

ergonomics

Answer 25

proper sitting, ADL (activities of daily living)

Question 26

must rule out cervical spine injury

Answer 26

pain in neck/arms/hands? loss of consciousness? mechanism of injury

Question 27

kyphosis

Answer 27

increased thoracic posterior curve

Question 28

lordosis

Answer 28

excessive lumbar anterior curve

Question 29

scoliosis

Answer 29

lateral curvature of spine

Question 30

cervical sprain

Answer 30

sudden violent flexion. symptoms may not appear for 24 hours. rule out fracture, RICE

Question 31

cervical strain

Answer 31

sudden extension. rule out fracture, RICE

Question 32

brachial plexus neuropraxia

Answer 32

stinger, burner. Mech: stretching or compression of brachial plexus. S&S: burning, numbness, stinging into arms and hands, pain in trapezius, usually resolves in 48 hrs. MGMT: RICE, return to play when normal motion and no symptoms. Complication: spinal stenosis:narrowing of spinal canal

Question 33

cervical disc injury

Answer 33

Mech: repetitive cervical loading. S&S: neck pain. radiating pain into the arms and hands. MGMT: rest, traction, possible surgery

Question 34

Cervical fracture/dislocation

Answer 34

Mech of fracture: axial load. Mech of dislocation: axial load with rotation. S&S: Ottawa C Spine rules (rules to detect a cervical spine injury), pain on the spine, neurological signs (burning, tingling etc), deformity: head tilt. MGMT: cervical stabilization, monitor vitals

Question 35

cervical spine injury does not

Answer 35

always lead to paralysis

Question 36

most common position for c spine injury

Answer 36

defensive players and ball carriers (football)

Question 37

what can prevent c spine injuries

Answer 37

no form of equipment

Question 38

low back pain

Answer 38

congenital factors: bony development, spina bifida; may be asymptomatic until aggravating injury occurs. Mechanical factors: posture, obesity, poor biomechanics in lifting or job related activities.

Question 39

lower cross syndrome

Answer 39

characteristic of lower back pain. Weak abs and glute, tight iliopsoas and erector spinae

Question 40

lumbar fracture

Answer 40

mech: falling from a height, landing on the feet or butt. S&S: point tender, spasm. MGMT: x-ray to determine if fractured, decreased activity.

Question 41

muscle strain

Answer 41

mech: acute- sudden forceful contraction. chronic- poor posture. S&S: pain in soft tissue, pain with active movement. MGMT: bracing, NSAIDS, stretching/strengthening.

Question 42

back contusion

Answer 42

Mech: direct blow. S&S: pain, discoloration, spasm. MGMT: cold, rest

Question 43

herniated disc

Answer 43

Mech: abnormal stress, forward bending and twisting. S&S: sharp central pain that radiates in the legs, increased pain with forward bending or sitting. MGMT: pain modulation, extension exercises, core strengthening, improve posture.

Question 44

sacroiliac joint

Answer 44

articulation between sacrum and pelvis. supported by strong ligaments but motion may occur

Question 45

Sacroiliac joint dysfunction

Answer 45

Mech: landing heavily on one leg, unilateral activities. S&S: pain at posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), pain with forward bending or extending. MGMT: pain modulation, manual therapy to restore joint

Question 46

coccygeal injury

Answer 46

mech: falling on butt. S&S: pain with sitting. MGMT: x-ray to rule out fracture.

Question 47

rehab

Answer 47

cervical: improve flexibility. lumbar: strengthening, flexibility, traction

Question 48

a herniated disk that is separated and begins to migrate is known as___

Answer 48

sequestrated

Question 49

the most serious injury that occurs in football happens as a result from purposeful

Answer 49

axial loading as a result of spearing

Question 50

wedge fractures in 3 or more vertebrae and/or degeneration of the vertebral epiphyseal end plates is known as

Answer 50

Scheuermann's disease