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AT 2356 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

Thermal physiological effects

A

Increased collagen extensibility, decreased pain, decreased spasm, decreased edema, improved blood flow

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1
Q

Modalities include

A

Thermal, electrical, electromagnetic, accoustic, mechanical

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2
Q

Thermotherapy includes ___ and should not be used _____

A

Hot packs, paraffin, whirlpools.

In the acute phase of unjury

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3
Q

Cryotherapy

A

Vasoconstriction, dec. cellular metabolism. Ice packs, massage and whirlpools/baths

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4
Q

Electrical modalities physiological eff. And methods.

A

Stem causes pain modulation, muscle contraction, would healing.
Neuromuscular e stem, micro current, iontophoresis. Little objective evidence of benefits!

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5
Q

Electromagnetic energy

A

Shortwave diathermy & low level laser

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6
Q

Shortwave diathermy

A

Electrical current produces a radio wave that can be absorbed by the body. Phys effects same as heat

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7
Q

Low level laser physical eff

A

Improves circulation, increased collagen prod, decrease inflammation

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8
Q

Ultrasound phys eff of thermal and non thermal

A

Thermal: same as heat
Non: decrease inflammation improve circulation

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9
Q

Mechanical modalities

A

Traction, intermittent compression, massage

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10
Q

Traction

A

Elongation of spine/ soft tissue. Improves circulation alleviates impinged nerves and pain from disc problems

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11
Q

Intermittent compression

A

Use of air or water in sleeve to increase external pressure, decreasing inflammation

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12
Q

Phase components of rehab.

A

Acute care, range of motion, strength intensive, neuromuscular control

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13
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of drugs and their effects on living organisms

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14
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Method drugs are absorbed, distributive, metabolized, eliminated

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15
Q

Inunctions, ointments, pastes, plasters

A

Inunctions: oil based, ointments: water based, pastes: fat based, plasters: nonfat based

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16
Q

Bioavailability

A

How much of a drug can be absorbed

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17
Q

Efficacy

A

Capability to produce a specific effect

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18
Q

Potency

A

Dose of drug necessary to get therapy ethic effects

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19
Q

Livers role

A

Drugs broken down into inactive compounds- metabolism

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20
Q

Exercise does what to absorbtion

A

Decreases oral absorbtion and increases intramuscular and subcutaneous absorbtion

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21
Q

Administer

A

Hand out single dose

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22
Q

Long term control of asthma

A

Corticosteroids, beta antagonists

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23
Q

Narcotics derived from

A

Opiates. For pain. Is a highly controlled substance.

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24
Non narcotic pain relief
Acetaminophen. Hard on liver controls fever
25
Acetylsalicylic acid
GI reaction. Reye's Syndrome: brain damage in small children
26
Antimetics
Nausea/vomiting
27
Performance enhancing drugs
Stimulants, narcotics (pain relief), beta blockers (improves steadiness), diuretics, anabolic steroids
28
Talus fracture
Extreme dorsiflection
29
Plantar fasciitis causes, s&s and management
Poor running tech, change in shoes, excessive pronation. Pain in morning, heel pain. Orthotics, heel cup, stretching.
30
Jones fracture
Fracture at base of 5th metatarsal. Pain on outside of foot. Management: immobilization, surgery
31
Lisfranc fracture
Fracture/dislocation/sprain of mid foot caused by twisting with axial loading. Deformity and swelling. Management: internal fixation
32
Turf toes
Hyper extension of the great toe. Control with ice and modalities. Rigid sole
33
Sesamoiditis
Irritation of sessom is bones at the great toe often caused by turf toes. Control inflammation, surgery
34
Ankle and lower leg
Most common type of injury in athletics
35
Talicrural joint
Plantar/dorsiflexion
36
Subtalar joint
Inversion, eversion, supination and pronation
37
Lateral Ligaments in ankle
Anterior talofibular l: most commonly injured
38
Medial ankle ligs
Deltoid ligament
39
Compartments and use
Anterior: dorsiflex, extend toes. Lateral: eversion. Posterior deep: inversion, flex toes. Posterior superficial: plantarflexion
40
Functional anatomy
Lateral malleolus extends further than medial=more injuries to lat structures, thus ankle is more unstable in inversion/plantarflexion
41
Percent of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion necessary for normal gait
10%dorsiflexion, 20% plantarflexion
42
Tap/compression test
Tests for fracture
43
Thomson test:
Tests for Achilles' tendon rupture.
44
Anterior Drawer test
Anterior talofibular ligament sprain
45
Kleiger test
Deltoid ligament sprain
46
Functional tests
Walk on heels, toes, lateral and medial borders, hop
47
Inversion ankle sprain
Foot is inverted/plantarflexed
48
Eversion ankle sprain
5-10% sprains. May involve avulsion fracture
49
Syndesmotic ankle sprain
High ankle sprain, involves tibiofibular ligs. Caused by dorsiflexion with rotation.
50
Ankle dislocation
High rotational force/trauma. Obvious deformity
51
Achille's tendon rupture
Excessive dorsiflexion often seen in older patients. Feel a snap, inability to plantarflex. Athlete: surgery.
52
Tendinitis
Weakening of tendon due to overuse. Tendons: anterior and posterior tibialis, Achilles, and perineal.
53
Compartment syndrome
Acute: true medical emergency. Swelling pain shiny skin. Chronic from repetitive motion. General achy pain swelling and pressure.
54
Medial tibial stress syndrome
Shin splints. Generalized pain along anterior shin. Causes: right gastroc, weak anterior tibialis, overpronation, overtraining, poor shoes
55
Functional progressions of ankle/lower leg injuries
Figure 8s, agility ladder, cutting/changing direction, low intensity ploy metrics
56
Patella
Largest sesamoid bone in body, acts as lever to improve quads output, distributes compressive forces
57
Menisci
C=medial, o=lateral.
58
Acl
Prevents anterior translation (forward movement) of tibia. Supported by hamstrings
59
Pcl
Prevents posterior translation of tibia. Supported by quads.
60
MCL
Medial collateral lig protects from Valgus forces (forces applied outside towards in)
61
LCL
Lateral collateral lig. Prevents varus force. (Medial force applied outward)
62
Quad:
Extension. Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis/medialis/intermedius.
63
Hamstrings
Flexion. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semi membranous.
64
Sartorius
Flexion, external rotation.
65
Gracilis
Internal rotation
66
Gastrocnemius
Flexion
67
Screw home mechanism
Tibia externally rotates as it extends.
68
What degree of extension is necessary for a normal gait?
0 deg
69
Genu valgus
Knock knees
70
Genu varus
Bow legs
71
Genu recurvatum
Hyperextention
72
Lachman test
ACL
73
Valgus stress test
Medial collateral lig
74
Varus stress test
Lateral collateral
75
Sag test
PCL
76
McMurray
Meniscus
77
Functional test for knees.
Squats, duck walk, cutting drills
78
Prevention braces. Prophylactic: | Functional:
Prophylactic prevents knee injury. Functional limits stress on injured structures
79
MCL sprain
Mechanism: valgus stress
80
Unhappy triad:
ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
81
Meniscus tear
Rotational, valgus force. Locking/clicking noise
82
Patella femoral pain syndrome
Generic name for anterior knee pain
83
Osgood-schlatter's disease
Apophysitis seen in pre-adolescent boys
84
Rehab:
Focus on extension and muscles to support injured structures, balance, plyometrics
85
Tensor fascia latae
Abduction
86
Iliopsoas
Hip flexor
87
Glutes
Extension rotation
88
Iliofemoral Ischiofemoral Pubofemoral
Largest ligament, sits at head of femur. All3 prevent excessive extension and external rotation
89
Type of pain:
Bony:sharp Muscle: dull achy
90
Femoral fracture
Arteries huge issue, possible internal bleeding. Shock is common
91
Hip dislocation
Can cause avascular necrosis, the disruption of blood flow to femoral head
92
Young athlete conditions of hip and thigh: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Slipped Capital femoris epiphysis
LCP disease: avascular necrosis causes flattened femoral head in boys 4-10. Slipped capital-bone shifts at epiphyseal plate
93
Hip pointer
Contusion to iliac crest

AT 2356 (7 decks)

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