ch 26

Question 1

The ability of humans to resist a disease is called

Answer 1

immunity

Question 2

Cells that can engulf foreign particles, and can ingest, kill, and digest most bacterial
pathogens are called

Answer 2

phagocytes

Question 3

Adaptive immunity occurs when

Answer 3

the innate immune response fails to eliminate pathogens in the body and virulent
infections persist after the initial innate defense response.

Question 4

The rapid increase in adaptive immunity after a second antigen exposure is called

Answer 4

immune memory

Question 5

An example of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) is

Answer 5

lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 6

The process by which antibodies block interactions between pathogens or their products and
host cells is termed

Answer 6

neutralization

Question 7

Which of the following are molecular mediators of inflammation?
A) immunoglobulins
B) lipopolysaccharide
C) erythrocytes
D) both chemokines and cytokines

Answer 7

both chemokines and cytokines

Question 8

Immunoglobulins are produced by B cells and are also known as

Answer 8

antibodies

Question 9

Enhanced phagocytosis of antibody-sensitized cells is known as

Answer 9

opsonization

Question 10

Pattern recognition receptors are most directly used

Answer 10

by phagocytes to detect pathogens

Question 11

The body’s non-inducible, preexisting ability to recognize and destroy a variety of pathogens
or their products is called

Answer 11

innate immunity

Question 12

Adaptive immune responses are directed at pathogen molecules called

Answer 12

antigens

Question 13

The first defense cells that interact with a pathogen in the body are

Answer 13

macrophages

Question 14

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are found on which of the following cells?

Answer 14

Macrophages and neutrophils

Question 15

Interaction of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) with a pattern recognition
receptor (PRR) results in

Answer 15

transmembrane signal transduction that initiates transcription of genes involved in
phagocytosis, inflammation, and pathogen killing.

Question 16

Communication between cells of the immune system is accomplished in many cases through

Answer 16

cytokines

Question 17

The primary function of a phagocyte is to

Answer 17

both engulf and destroy pathogens.

Question 18

Phagocytes have a pathogen-recognition system known as ________ that leads to the
recognition, containment, and destruction of a pathogen

Answer 18

pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

Question 19

The enhancement of phagocytosis due to deposition of antibody on the surface of a pathogen
or antigen is called

Answer 19

opsonization

Question 20

The first cell type active in the innate response is usually a(n)

Answer 20

phagocyte

Question 21

Immunity results from the actions of cells that circulate throughout the body, primarily through
the blood and lymph.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in human blood

Answer 22

Ture

Question 23

Antibodies are soluble proteins produced by T cells.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

All gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharides in their outer membranes

Answer 24

true

Question 25

In adaptive immunity, pathogen specific receptors are produced in large numbers only after
exposure to the pathogen or its products.

Answer 25

true

Question 26

Phagocytes interact speedily and effectively with pathogens because they have evolved
specialized molecules called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that interact directly with
PAMPs

Answer 26

ture

Question 27

All TLR can react with only one specific PAMP.

Answer 27

false

Question 28

Antibodies are insoluble proteins.

Answer 28

false

Question 29

The presence of neutrophils in higher than normal numbers in the blood or at a site of
inflammation indicates an active response to a current infection.

Answer 29

true