Ch. 26 Heart Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
System of the body concerned with the heart and blood vessels.
A
Cardiovascular or circulatory
2
Q
Muscle that functions in pumping blood through vessels of the cardiovascular system.
A
Heart
3
Q
Muscle type of the heart
A
Striated muscle, cardiac in type.
4
Q
Another word for internal cavities of the heart
A
Chambers
5
Q
of chambers of the heart
A
4
6
Q
Four chambers of the heart
A
2 atria, 2 ventricles
7
Q
The heart is positioned in such a way that the atria lie ____ to the to the ventricles.
A
posterior (not superior)
8
Q
When blood moves passes from atria to ventricles it moves ____
A
horizontally (not vertically)
9
Q
The heart is located in the ___
A
Thorax
10
Q
The heart is located between the ___
A
lungs
11
Q
The heart rests on the ___
A
diaphragm
12
Q
Structure that protect the heart anteriorly
A
Sternum
13
Q
Structure that protect the heart laterally
A
Ribs, intercostal muscles, lungs.
14
Q
Structures that protect the heart posteriorly
A
Thoracic vertebrae
15
Q
Encloses the heart in a tough connective tissue sac
A
Pericardium
16
Q
The pericardium is a ____ sac that encloses the heart
A
fibroserous
17
Q
Outer layer of the pericardium blends with the ____ of the diaphragm inferiorly
A
central tendon
18
Q
Superiorly and posteriorly, the fibrous layer of the pericardium blends with the ______
A
Major blood vessels of the heart, vena cava, aorta and pulmonary trunk.
19
Q
Cardiac muscle itself is referred to as the
A
Myocardium.
20
Q
Inner epithelial lining of the cambers of the heart
A
Endocardium
21
Q
Surface of the heart that lies adjacent to the sternum and costal cartilages.
A
Sternocostal surface
22
Q
The sternocostal surface lies adjacent to the
A
Sternum and the costal cartilages
23
Q
Surface of the heart that lies adjacent to the diaphragm
A
Diaphragmatic surface
24
Q
Surface of the heart adjacent to the medial surface of the left lung.
A
Pulmonary surface.
25
Rounded projection of the heart, points inferiorly and to the left.
Apex
26
Where does the apex lie?
At the level of the sixth costal cartilage
27
Generally the area where the rest vessels attach to the heart.
Base
28
Vessels that attach to the base of the heart
Aorta, Pulmonary trunk, superior vena cava
29
Ear like appendages attached to the lateral surfaces of the atria
Auricles
30
Auricles allow for ___ in the capacity of the atrium.
increase
31
Clinically, the term auricle is also referred to as the ___
appendage
32
Vertical muscular ridge seen on the posterior wall of the right atrium
Crista Terminalis
33
Muscular, ridge like extensions of the crista terminails
Muscluli pectinati
34
musculi pectinate are found in the
right atrium, and in the right and left auricles
35
Three major venous openings enter the right atrium
Superior vena caval opening
Inferior vena caval opening
Opening of the coronary sinus
36
Opening of the right atrium for the main vein returning blood from the upper half of the body
Superior vena caval opening
37
Opening of the right atrium for the main vein returning blood from the lower half of the body.
Inferior Vena Caval opening
38
A small nonfunctional valve on the inferior vena cava
valve of the inferior vena cava
39
Opening of the right atrium leading to a venous chamber located on the posterior surface of the heart.
Opening of the coronary sinus
40
Opening of the right atrium that receives veins that drain the heart muscle itself
Opening of the coronary sinus
41
The opening of the coronary sinus opens into the right atrium just anterior and superior to:
Inferior vena cava
42
Partition between the right atrium and the left atrium
Interatrial septum
43
Oval depression lying on the interatrial septum in the right atrium.
fossa ovalis
44
Remanent of a foramen that in the fetal stage of development existed between the right and left atrium.
Fossa ovalis
45
Another name for right atrioventricular valve
Tricuspid
46
The right atrioventricular opening is guarded by the ___.
Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
47
Mechanical device that allows flow of blood in one direction only, thus preventing retrograde flow (flow in the wrong direction)
valve
48
Two types of valves that compose the heart:
Atrioventricular valves, Semilunar valves
49
Atrioventricular valve is characteristically composed of three parts:
Cusps
Chordae Tendinae
Papillary muscle
50
Flaps of connective tissue on an atrioventricular valve
Cusp
51
Connective tissue cords that attach to the lower surface of the cusps
Chordae Tendinae
52
Muscle that consists of internal folds of ventricular muscle that give attachment to the chord tendinae.
Papillary muscle
53
The three cusps of the tricuspid valve are named according to their:
anatomical position
54
Functions in closing during the contraction of the ventricles
Tricuspid valve
55
When closed, the tricuspid valve prevents back flow of blood from the ___ to the ___
Right ventricle; right atrium
56
When closed, the tricuspid valve prevents back flow of blood from the ___ to the ___
Right ventricle; right atrium
57
he tricuspid valve is held in a closed position via the _____ that are attached to the lower surface of the ____ and are thus not everted into the atrium.
Chordae Tendinae; cusps
58
The internal surface of the right ventricle consists of irregular, ridge like projections of muscle called :
trabeculae carneae
59
Papillary muscles are a type of ___
trabeculae carneae
60
Wall between right and left ventricles
Interventricular septum
61
A special type of trabeculae corneae in which one band attaches to the inter ventricular septum and to the anterior papillary muscle
Moderator band or Septomarginal trabeculae
62
Contains the right branch of the atrioventricular bundle
Moderator band
63
Part of the collection of fibers making up the conduction system of the heart
Atrioventricular bundle
64
Openings of the right ventricle
Right atrioventricular opening, guarded by the tricuspid valve
Pulmonary trunk opening
65
Blood leaves the right ventricle and enters the pulmonary trunk by passing through the :
pulmonary trunk opening
66
Pulmonary trunk opening is guarded by this valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
67
Valve that does not posses papillary muscles and chord tendineae.
semilunar valves
68
Pocket-like flaps surrounding an opening
Semilunar valves
69
For each semilunar valve there are ___ flaps or cusps
three
70
The free edge of each cusp in a semilunar valve that has a small central thickening of fibrous tissue. It fills the small gap left at closure of the three flaps.
Nodule
71
Narrow lip extending from each side of the nodule in a semilunar valve.
lunula
72
The spaces between the cusps and the wall of the vessels in the semilunar valves. Each is named for its corresponding cusp.
sinus
73
Between the cusps and the wall of the pulmonary trunk there are ___
3 sinuses
74
When flow of blood is from right ventricle into pulmonary trunk the valve ____
opens
75
Blood flows through the pulmonary trunk into the _______ to the -______
right and left pulmonary arteries; to the right and left lung
76
In the lungs, blood gives off _____ and receives ____
carbon dioxide, oxygen
77
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via four ___
pulmonary veins (two from right lung, two from left lung)
78
All four pulmonary veins enter the _____
left atrium
79
The left atrium has its muscle pectinate located within the ______.
Left auricle only
80
The main part of the left atrium is taken up by
Four separate openings of the pulmonary veins
81
Only other opening of the left atrium, other than the pulmonary veins
Left atrioventricular opening
82
Other names for left atrioventricular valve
Mitral, bicuspid
83
Left atrioventricular opening is guarded by the
Bicuspid valve
84
Valve containing two cusps, chordae tendinaea, and papillary muscles
bicuspid valve
85
Blood flows from the ___ to the ___ through the bicuspid valve.
Left atrium, left ventricle.
86
Internal muscular ridge like folds in the left ventricle
trabeculae carneae
87
Papillary muscles of the bicuspid valve are a type of ___
trabeculae carneae
88
One major difference between the right and left ventricles is ______
the thickness of the wall
89
The wall of the ___ is usually more than twice as thick as that of the ___.
Left ventricle; right ventricle
90
Reason for the left atrium being thicker:
Right ventricle only pumps blood to one organ, the lungs.
The left ventricle must pump blood to every other organ and the body (including lungs), and thus performs more work and is larger.
91
Reason for the left atrium being thicker:
Right ventricle only pumps blood to one organ, the lungs.
The left ventricle must pump blood to every other organ and the body (including lungs), and thus performs more work and is larger.
92
Only openings of the left ventricle
Left atriventricular opening
| Opening fo the aorta
93
When the left ventricle contracts, blood leaves and enters the ___
aorta.
94
The opening of the aorta is guarded by the :
aortic semilunar valve
95
Aortic semilunar valve possesses ___ cusps located at the opening of the aorta
3
96
The spaces between the cusps or the aortic semilunar valves and the wall of the aorta
aortic sinuses
97
Aortic sinuses differ from pulmonary sinuses in that the right and left aortic sinuses are sites of origin of the ________, respectively
right and left coronary arteries.
98
Cord-like band connecting the pulmonary trunk and the aortic arch which is a remnant of fetal circulation
ligamentum arteriosum
99
System made up of specialized muscle fibers, specialized in that they can conduct impulses.
Conduction system of the heart
100
Main components of the conduction system
Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Atrioventricular bundle
101
Other name for sinoatrial node
pace maker
102
The sinoatrial node is located at the junction of the _____ and the ____
Superior vena cava; right atrium
103
An impulse is initiated at the sinoatrial node and spreads from the node directly through to the _____, causing them to ____.
atrial muscle, and all parts of both atria; contract
104
The impulse from the sinoatrial node reaches the
atrioventricular node
105
Located in the upper part of the inter ventricular septum
Atrioventricular node
106
Node that receives the impulse that s coursing through the wall of the atria, holds for a short time (while atria are contracting), and then sends the impulse to the atrioventricular bundle
Atrioventricular node
107
Another name for the atrioventricular bundle
Bundle of his
108
Extends down the inter ventricular septum and divides into the right and left branch.
Atrioventricular Bundle
109
The right branch of the atrioventricular bundle courses through the _____ to the wall of the ____
Moderator band; right ventricle
110
The left branch of the atrioventricular bundle courses directly to the ___
left ventricle.
111
The impulse conducts along the _____ and through its branches to the ventricles, causing both ventricles to contract
Atrioventricular bundle
112
External artery arising from the right aortic sinus
Right coronary artery
113
The right coronary artery arises between the ___ and the ___
pulmonary trunk, right auricle
114
The right coronary artery courses ____ along the heart,
inferiorly
115
The right coronary artery courses inferiorly along the heart, gives off a _____ and then courses to the back of of the heart.
marginal branch
116
Just before the right coronary artery ends, it gives off the _____ which courses to the apex of the heart.
Posterior interventricular artery
117
The posterior interventricular artery courses to the ____
apex of the heart
118
The left coronary artery arises from the ___
left aortic sinus
119
The left coronary artery courses between the ___ and the ___
left auricle and the pulmonary trunk
120
The left coronary artery divides into:
Anterior inter ventricular artery or left anterior descending artery (LAD)
Circumflex branch
121
The LAD courses toward the ___ ends by anastomosing with the ____.
apex; posterior inverventricular artery.
122
Course around the heart and anastomoses with the right coronary artery
Circumflex branch
123
Veins draining the heart
Cardiac veins
124
Three major veins draining into the coronary sinus
The great cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
125
The great cardiac vein courses with the ______ and the _____
inter ventricular artery; circumflex branch
126
The great cardiac vein continues on the back of the heart as the ____
Coronary sinus
127
The middle cardiac vein courses with the _____ and ends in the ____
posterior inter ventricular artery, coronary sinus
128
The small cardiac vein courses with the ____ and ends in the ____
marginal artery; coronary sinus
129
Short, wide vessel that receives all three cardiac veins.
Coronary sinus
130
Coronary sinus empties into the ____
right atrium
131
Two or three small vessels that drain the right ventricle and end directly in the right atrium
Anterior cardiac veins
132
Numerous small veins that drain the myocardium itself and empty separately into all four chambers.
Venae cordis minimae
