Ch 26 Urinary System

Question 1

Which vessel brings blood to the glomerulus?

a. vasa recta
b. peritubular capillaries
c. afferent arteriole
d. efferent arteriole

Answer 1

c. afferent arteriole

Question 2

The liver contributes to waste management in the body by:

a. providing pickup and delivery service for the transport of wastes
b. recycling metabolic products, and converting toxic substances into less toxic ones
c. binding excess hydrogen ions, thereby preventing an increase in the acidity of body fluids
d. helping eliminate excess heat, water,
CO2 helping eliminate excess heat, water,
e. excreting wastes, some CO2 excreting wastes, some

Answer 2

b. recycling metabolic products, and converting toxic substances into less toxic ones

Question 3

Which of the following is a renal process that does NOT remove wastes and other substances from the blood?

a. tubular secretion
b. glomerular filtration
c. tubular absorption
d. tubular reabsorption

Answer 3

d. tubular reabsorption

Question 4

The presence of urea in the urine is a sign that
the person has developed a:

a. protein-processing
b. metabolic disorder
the last meal the person ate contained too much sodium
c. glucose has inhibited the urea transporters in the renal tubule
d. urea was filtered in the glomerulus and secreted in the renal tubule

Answer 4

d. urea was filtered in the glomerulus and secreted in the renal tubule

Question 5

The paracellular route in the renal tubule accounts for what percentage of reabsorption

a. 50%
b. 25%
c. 75%
d. 45%

Answer 5

a. 50%

Question 6

Which of the following disorders might be present in a patient exhibiting edema around the eyes, ankles, feet, and abdomen, protein in the urine, and low blood levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides?

a. urinary tract infection
b. nephrotic syndrome
c. renal calculi
d. glomerulonephritis
e. cystocele

Answer 6

b. nephrotic syndrome

Question 7

Renal plasma clearance of a particular substance equals:

a. its concentration in plasma times its concentration in urine divided by urine flow rate.
b. its concentration in urine times the urine flow rate divided by its concentration in plasma.
c. None of the choices are correct.
d. its concentration in plasma times the urine flow rate divided by its concentration in urine.

Answer 7

b. its concentration in urine times the urine flow rate divided by its concentration in plasma.

Question 8

A decrease in glomerular filtration rate might be seen under which of the following circumstances? .

a. decreased secretion of renin
b. increased dilation of the afferent arteriole
c. increased production of angiotensin II
d. decreased delivery of Na+ to the macula densa cells
e. increased secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

Answer 8

c. increased production of angiotensin II

Question 9

The epithelium of the ureters and bladder is found in which layer of tissue?

a. muscularis
b. lamina propria
c. mucosa
d. adventitia

Answer 9

c. mucosa

Question 10

Select the activities that the body can NOT do to wastes.

a. excretion
b. transport for disposal
c. conversion to structural proteins
d. temporary confinement
recycle

Answer 10

c. conversion to structural proteins

Question 11

Identify the method or structure that does NOT assist in waste management.

a. blood
b. lungs
c. sweat glands
d. thyroid gland

Answer 11

d. thyroid gland

Question 12

Which tissue, organ, or process contributes to waste management by primarily excreting CO2 and expelling some heat and water?

a. lungs
b. liver
c. sweat glands
d. gastrointestinal tract

Answer 12

a. lungs

Question 13

All of the following are factors in renal control of blood pressure, except

a. calcitriol
b. aldosterone
c. angiotensin
d. renin

Answer 13

a. calcitriol

Question 14

Correctly trace the path of urine through the following structures.

1. papillary duct
2. nephron
3. minor calyx
4. major calyx
5. renal pelvis

a. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5
b. 5, 2, 1, 3, 4
c. 2, 4, 3, 1, 5
d. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Answer 14

a. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5

Question 15

Which part(s) of the kidney would nephrons be found in?

a. both renal cortex and renal medulla
b. None of the choices is correct.
c. renal medulla only
d. renal cortex only

Answer 15

a. both renal cortex and renal medulla

Question 16

Renal blood flow through the kidneys is __________.

a. 800 ml/min
b. 2000 ml/min
c. 1200 ml/min
d. 2400 ml/min

Answer 16

c. 1200 ml/min

Question 17

Choose the correct order of filtrate flow through the nephron. 1. distal convoluted tubule 2. proximal convoluted tubule 3. nephron loop 4. collecting duct 5. glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

a. 2, 5, 3, 1, 4
b. 5, 2, 3, 1, 4
c. 2, 3, 1, 4, 5
d. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1

Answer 17

b. 5, 2, 3, 1, 4

Question 18

Your patient is 81-year-old Mrs. Greene. She is taking a medication known as aripiprazole, which helps slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Aripiprazole is excreted through the kidneys; however, kidney function is reduced in the elderly. Which of the following would be a consideration to take into account when determining Mrs. Greene’s aripiprazole dose?

a. the rate of tubular reabsorption
b. the rate of glomerular filtration
c. the rate of tubular secretion
d. the last meal that she consumed

Answer 18

c. the rate of tubular secretion

Question 19

The epithelium of the intermediate (membranous) and spongy urethra consists of:

a. stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar
b. simple and stratified squamous
c. simple and stratified cuboidal
d. simple squamous and transitional

Answer 19

a. stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar

Question 20

The internal urethral orifice is found in the:

a. anterior region of the trigone
b. posterior region of the trigone
c. inferior region of the trigone
d. superior region of the trigone

Answer 20

a. anterior region of the trigone

Question 21

Which step(s) of urine production in the nephron involve(s) removing a substance from the blood?

a. glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
b. glomerular filtration
c. tubular secretion
d. tubular reabsorption

Answer 21

a. glomerular filtration and tubular secretion

Question 22

Blood is filtered to remove dissolved substances from which structure?

a. collecting duct
b. glomerulus
c. ureter
d. afferent arteriole

Answer 22

b. glomerulus

Question 23

Tubular secretion of substances can occur from the ________ into the distal convoluted tubule:

a. peritubular capillaries
b. nephron loop
c. glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule
d. proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 23

a. peritubular capillaries

Question 24

Renal reabsorption of substances into the bloodstream occurs via the:

a. vasa recta and collecting ducts
b. peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
c. collecting ducts and duct cells
d. peritubular capillaries and duct cells

Answer 24

b. peritubular capillaries and vasa recta

Question 25

The collecting ducts: a. reabsorb glucose from the filtrate b. gather fluid from the renal tubules c. empty into the glomerular capsule d. filter solutes out of the bloodstream

Answer 25

b. gather fluid from the renal tubules

Question 26

The process of glomerular filtration takes place from the: a. glomerulus to the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule b. renal tubules to the peritubular capillaries c. glomerular (Bowman's) capsule to the glomerulus d. peritubular capillaries to the renal tubules

Answer 26

a. glomerulus to the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Question 27

The main difference between tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion is that: a. reabsorption removes substances from the blood while secretion adds substances to the blood b. reabsorption removes substances from the filtrate but secretion adds substances to the filtrate c. reabsorption increases urine output while secretion decreases urine output d. reabsorption requires ATP but secretion does not

Answer 27

b. reabsorption removes substances from the filtrate but secretion adds substances to the filtrate

Question 28

A high level of glucose in the urine occurs because: a. renal symporters cannot keep up with demand in the DCT b. renal symporters cannot absorb glucose fast enough in the glomerulus c. renal antiporters cannot reabsorb glucose fast enough in the nephron loop d. renal symporters cannot reabsorb glucose fast enough in the PCT

Answer 28

d. renal symporters cannot reabsorb glucose fast enough in the PCT

Question 29

Which is true of reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule? a. Channels in the basolateral membranes keep Cl− out of the peritubular capillaries. b. A large quantity of water remains to be reabsorbed. c. Absorption of Na+ and Cl− by symporters continues. d. Fluid enters at a rate of 100 ml/min.

Answer 29

c. Absorption of Na+ and Cl− by symporters continues.

Question 30

Which is untrue of reabsorption in the nephron loop? a. Less glucose and amino acids are present than in the glomerulus. b. The osmolarity of fluid in the nephron loop mimics the osmolarity of the blood. c. Water reabsorption remains tightly coupled to reabsorption of filtered solutes. d. Cation reabsorption is promoted via movement of K+ into the tubular fluid.

Answer 30

c. Water reabsorption remains tightly coupled to reabsorption of filtered solutes.

Question 31

Which of the following would necessarily characterize a solute in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule? a. waste b. charged c. small d. lipid soluble

Answer 31

c. small

Question 32

Drugs, excess ions, and wastes are removed from the blood during which stage? a. glomerular filtration b. juxtaglomerular activity c. tubular reabsorption d. tubular secretion

Answer 32

d. tubular secretion

Question 33

High blood pressure will result in an increase in glomerular filtration rate. a. TRUE b. FALSE

Answer 33

a. TRUE

Question 34

From the list below, choose the only regulatory mechanism that increases glomerular filtration rate: a. erythropoietin b. angiotensin II c. atrial natriuretic peptide d. increased levels of norepinephrine

Answer 34

c. atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 35

Urea recycling is: a. the intermittent transfer of urea between the collecting duct and the LOH. b. the constant transfer of urea between the collecting duct and the LOH. c. the intermittent transfer of urea between the renal tubule and the interstitial fluid of the medulla. d. the constant transfer of urea between the renal tubule and the interstitial fluid of the medulla.

Answer 35

d. the constant transfer of urea between the renal tubule and the interstitial fluid of the medulla.

Question 36

Elevated albumin in the urine may be caused by all except: a. filtration membrane injury. b. biliary obstruction. c. high blood pressure. d. heavy metal toxins.

Answer 36

b. biliary obstruction.

Question 37

Which of the following disorders may be present in an adult patient exhibiting back pain, urinary tract infection, blood in the urine, hypertension, and large abdominal masses? a. urinary bladder cancer b. renal calculi c. urinary tract infection d. nephrotic syndrome e. polycystic kidney disease

Answer 37

e. polycystic kidney disease

Question 38

____________ is a common inherited disorder affecting the kidneys. a. Acute renal failure b. Glomerulonephritis c. Polycystic kidney disease d. Chronic renal failure

Answer 38

c. Polycystic kidney disease

Question 39

Chronic renal failure is: a. first stage when 25% of nephrons have been lost b. end-stage when 90% of nephrons have been lost c. not related to GFR d. usually reversible

Answer 39

b. end-stage when 90% of nephrons have been lost

Question 40

What contributes to waste management by eliminating urea from the body? a. gastrointestinal tract b. blood c. body buffers d. lungs e. liver

Answer 40

e. liver