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phisical science > ch 27.1- 27.4 > Flashcards

ch 27.1- 27.4 Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

weathering

A

process involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materiald on earths surface

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2
Q

soil

A

mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

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3
Q

erosion

A

removal of surface material through the process of weathering

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4
Q

sediment transport

A

gravity move eroded materiald from one place to another in process during rocks weather, erosional agent likebwater, ice, wind

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5
Q

deposition

A

erosional agent slows down, or melts, it drops this sediment load in a process

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6
Q

draimage basin

A

land area that gathers water for a major river

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7
Q

longshore current

A

movement of water parallel to the sshoreline

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8
Q

do rocks weather at the same rate?

A

no they weather at different rates due to rock type and landscape

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9
Q

what are the two main factors that determaine how fast a rock will wearther?

A

rock type , landscape

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10
Q

what are the two types of weathering?

A

mechanical, chemical

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11
Q

what type of change happends with mechanical weathering?

A

physical changes

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12
Q

what type of chan ge happends with chemical weathering?

A

chemical changes

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13
Q

what ared the 3 types of mechanical?

A

frost wedging, biological activity, collisions

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14
Q

what causes frost wedging?

A

water gets collected in cracts of rocks, freezes

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15
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging?

A

water gets collected in cracts of rocks, freezes then brakes rocks

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16
Q

what cause biological activity?

A

plants and animals

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17
Q

what causes weathering during collisions?

A

rock falls from a cliff, tumble throught turbulent rivers

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18
Q

what is parent material?

A

is where soil is formed

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19
Q

whar are the 2 types of chemical weathering caused by?

A

oxygen, water

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20
Q

what is the chemical process called that is caused by oxygen?

A

oxidation

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21
Q

what is the chemical process called that is caused by water?

A

hydrolysis

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22
Q

what are soil horizons?

A

different layers of soil

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23
Q

how many soil horizons there?

A

6

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24
Q

true or false. all soils contain every soil horizon?

A

fals

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25
what are the specific soil horizon contain?
O,A,E,B,C,R
26
what does the first soil horizon contain?
organic material
27
what is the second horizon mosly made up of?
minerals
28
which layer does leaching occur?
E
29
which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?horizen B
B
30
which layer is partially weathering bedrock?
C
31
which layer is unweathered bedrock?
32
which soil horizons make up the topsoil?
33
which soil horizons make up the subsoil?
34
which soil horizons make up the true soil?
35
If the slope of the river decreses what happens to the speed of the river?
decreases
36
what are small streams the flow into larger rivers?
tributaries
37
land area that gathers water for a major river is called?
drainage basin
38
a boundary that separates distinct drainage basins is called?
drainage divide
39
as watedr flows downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earth's surface creating?
channels
40
young rivers are blank due to the fast movement?
V-shaped
41
Black river are wide with smooth and gentle slopes
Mature
42
when rivers flood and drop their sediment load which type of land form is created?
flood plains
43
what is a fan shape sediment deposit that forms at the maouth of the river?
deltas
44
what are destributaries?
braching channals within daltas
45
what land form forms where the mouth of the river or steam enters dry land?
Alluvial Fans
46
what are the two types of glaciers?
valley glaciers, continental glaciers
47
where do valley glaciers form?
high mountainous regions
48
where do continental glaciers form?
colder climates, large land areas
49
where are the two continental glaciers located?
Greenland, Antarctica
50
what is cirque?
bowl shaped basin
51
what is arete?
where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet , erode a long, sharp ridgeline
52
what is horn in a mountainous region?
sharpened peaks
53
what shape of valley do valley glaciers form?
U shaped valleys
54
what are tributary glaciers?
small glaciers that feed into large glaciers
55
what type of valleys do tributary glaciers form?
hanging valleys
56
which side of the sand dom does erosion occur?
windward side
57
which side does deposition occurs on?
leeward side
58
what is deflation?
removal of small particles by wind, leaving heavier particles behind
59
what is desert pavement?
small particals are removed, the remaning surface
60
what three things do to wind shap and sizes of land forms?
wind speed, amount of time wind blows, sediment supply
61
what three land forms that are created do to wave erosion
coastal cliffs, sea arches, sea stracks
62
what are two land forms created from wave erosion
sand bars, sand spits
63
what is a sand bar
landforms that are parallel to the shoreline
64
what are snad spits
similar to snad bars but corves back in
65
what are exzamplies are a rock slid
rock slides, mudflowers, landslides
66
process by which water enters earths and becomes ground water
infiltration
67
upper boundary of the saturated zone
water table
68
rock unit that can transfer water through its pore space
aquifer
69
percentage of the materials total volume that is pore space
porosity
70
process of assigning an exact numerical age to an organism an objuect or an event
absolute dating
71
processof placing objects or events in their proper oder in time
relative dating
72
the present is the key to the past
uniformitarianism
73
undisturbed sequence of sedimentsry rock lsyers the yongest rocks will be on top and the odest rocks will be on bottom
principle of superposition
74
gaps in the rocks record during which either erosion occurred or deposition was absent
unconformity
75
the remains or traces of organisms found in the geologic rovk records
fossil
76
what percentage of water on Earth is salt water
97%
77
what percentage of water on Earth is freshwater?
3%
78
Where is the majority of freshwater found?
glaciers
79
where is the smaller percentage of freshwater found?
lakes, rivers, underground water
80
what is precipitation?
when water vapor cools and condenses, Ex: rain, snow, sleet, hail
81
what is runoff?
water running off land surface
82
what is infiltration?
water enters the earths surface and becomes ground water
83
what is transpiration?
water vapor coming out of leaves of plants
84
what is evaporation?
whater enters atmosphere as water vapor
85
what is condenation?
when water vapor collides with other water vapor molecules to form water droplets
86
what is the water cycle?
water from land goes in to the atmosphere and then goes back to land
87
what is an unssturated zone for gourndwater storage?
porous are where water easily passes through
88
what is a saturated zone for groundwater storage?
beneath the unsaturated zone, where water completely fills the pore space
89
what is water table?
upper boundary of the saturated zone
90
what does it mean if sediment is permeable?
the more permeable there is the easier it is for water to pass through
91
what is an aquifer?
rock unit that can transfer water through its pore
92
what is ther name of the Great Plains Aquifer?
Ogallal Aquifer
93
how many states does the Great Plains Aquifer run through?
8 states South Dakota Wyoming Nebrasks, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas
94
what are the names of the states that the Great Plains Aquifer runs through?
95
whar is an aquitard?
imprmable layer the holds confinded water
96
how are water springs formed?
water table naturally meets earths surface
97
what is an artesian well?
aquifer is sandwiched between auitards
98
what is cone of depression?
the drection that the water flows down to the well

phisical science (6 decks)

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