CH 28: Hematologic and Renal Emergencies Flashcards
(44 cards)
You encounter a patient who has been having diffuse abdominal pain for one week. The patient has a pulse rate of 86, a blood pressure of 140/90, and a respiratory rate of 20. However, the patient appears pale and complains of generalized weakness and shortness of breath during everyday activities. You suspect the patient is experiencing:
chronic anemia
The most frequently transplanted organ is the:
kidney
The kidney’s major function(s) include(s):
maintaining blood volume.
B.
excreting urea.
C.
balancing electrolytes.
There are two main types of dialysis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The main difference between them is:
hemodialysis is usually done at a special facility and peritoneal dialysis is usually done at home.
You suspect a patient who has been having a difficult time controlling the bleeding following a small laceration to the foot may have a history of:
taking blood thinners
A patient with renal disease who is currently on dialysis and missed an appointment may present with dangerously high levels of the electrolyte:
potassium
One of the more serious diseases of the body is renal failure. Renal failure occurs when the:
kidneys fail to function as required.
What is a cycle of filling and draining of the abdominal cavity during peritoneal dialysis called?
exchange
Which of the following pathologies put patients at high risk for acute renal failure?
shock
The medications that transplant patients need to take for the rest of their lives to prevent organ rejection also often lead to high susceptibility of:
infection
How frequently is peritoneal dialysis treatment required?
Multiple treatments per day
Peritoneal dialysis allows patients to dialyze at home through:
the abdomen
How many times per week do the majority of American hemodialysis patients receive treatment?
three
Which of the following is the most accurate definition of anemia?
A lack of a normal number of red blood cells in the circulation
The correct terminology used for patients whose kidneys are damaged to the point where they require dialysis to survive is:
end-stage renal disease.
Which of the following abbreviations is not correct?
CAPD for continuous acute peripheral disease
Patients with a history of chronic sickle cell anemia (SCA) may present with which of the following signs and symptoms?
Yellowing of the skin and dyspnea on exertion
Two chronic medical conditions that dialysis patients frequently have in addition to kidney failure are ________ and ________.
hypertension; diabetes
Patients who dialyze at home are at high risk for what type of infection?
Peritonitis
Which of the following organs may be seriously damaged in sickle cell anemia, subsequently leading to severe infections?
spleen
Certain drugs are commonly referred as “blood thinners” or drugs that inhibit clotting. Which of the following would not be considered such a drug?
Prilosec
You are dispatched to a private residence for a sick person. When you arrive, you are told by the patient that due to the snow storm yesterday he missed his scheduled appointment at the dialysis center and is not feeling well. Your assessment does not reveal anything remarkable outside of the fact that he has missed his dialysis. Which of the steps below would not be part of your care?
Place the patient in a supine position.
The blood has many functions critical to a patient’s health. Which of the following is not a function of the blood?
Removal of carbon monoxide from the cells
A patient with a medical history of sickle cell anemia is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. The patient is breathing 26 times per minute in short, shallow respirations. However, the patient’s oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry is 100% on room air. The best approach regarding supplemental oxygen is to:
place the patient on a nonrebreather mask.
