CH 35

Question 1

Most radiant heat is lost through which​ part(s) of the​ body?

Answer 1

Head and neck

Question 2

You respond to a construction site on a very hot summer day for a person​ “not acting​ right.” You find a​ 44-year-old male patient seated in a work vehicle with the air conditioner on maximum. Coworkers state the patient was working for the last 2 hours pouring concrete when he started​ “speaking gibberish” and nearly collapsed. The patient is responsive to verbal stimuli. Your initial vital signs are blood pressure​ 90/60, pulse​ 136, and respiratory rate 24. The​ patient’s skin is cool to the touch and​ moist, and his shirt is wet with visible salt rings. You​ suspect:

Answer 2

heat exhaustion.

Question 3

Regarding drowning in​ adults, which of the following statements is true​?

Answer 3

The colder the​ water, the better the chances of survival in either saltwater or freshwater drowning.

Question 4

Which of the following is the process in which heat is lost from the body as wind passes over​ it?

Answer 4

Convection

Question 5

Which of the following does not make infants and children more prone to​ hypothermia?

Answer 5

Inefficient metabolism

Question 6

You respond to a boat dock for a diving injury. You find a​ 22-year-old female patient unresponsive with frothy blood in the mouth and lung sounds absent on the right side. The patient is breathing 28 times a minute. The​ patient’s friends state they were diving when she unexpectedly came out of the water complaining of chest pains and then collapsed. The nearest hospital is 25 minutes away and the nearest specialty resource center with a hyperbaric chamber is 30 minutes away. What is the best decision when determining​ transport?

Answer 6

Transport the patient by ground to the specialty center.

Question 7

Which of the following should the EMT do during the treatment of localized cold​ injury?

Answer 7

Gradually warm the affected area.

Question 8

The term blanching​, used to describe localized cold​ injury, means the tissue has turned to which of the following​ colors?

Answer 8

white

Question 9

Reducing the pain of a marine animal sting can be accomplished by rinsing the affected area with which of the​ following?

Answer 9

vinegar

Question 10

Allowing a​ patient’s body temperature to increase by preventing further heat loss is referred to as which of the​ following?

Answer 10

passive rewarming

Question 11

You arrive on the scene to find a scuba diver on board a boat slumped over in the​ captain’s chair with frothy blood in his mouth. The captain states that the diver was down no more than 15 feet when he ascended rapidly and called for help. Which of the following is most​ likely?

Answer 11

air embolism

Question 12

Which of the following is often associated with​ water-related emergencies?

Answer 12

Hypothermia
B.
Cardiac arrest
C.
Alcohol use

Question 13

Which of the following is acceptable when actively rewarming a hypothermic​ patient?

Answer 13

avoid rewarming the limbs

Question 14

Which of the following is acceptable in the management of a patient stung by a honey​ bee?

Answer 14

Remove jewelry from any affected limbs.

Question 15

You respond to a farm for a possible snake bite. You find a​ 36-year-old male patient seated against a tree. Bystanders state the patient was bitten on the arm by a rattlesnake and is​ “really sick.” As you​ approach, you notice that the patient appears to be in obvious distress and is diaphoretic and holding his right wrist. Which of the following is your highest​ priority?

Answer 15

Confirm the location and status of the snake.

Question 16

In which of the following situations would a person lose heat by​ conduction?

Answer 16

Sitting on cold metal bleachers at a football game

Question 17

You respond to a boat dock for a diving injury. You find a​ 24-year-old male patient unresponsive with frothy blood in the mouth and lung sounds absent on the right side. The patient is breathing 28 times a minute. The​ patient’s friends state they were diving when he unexpectedly came out of the water complaining of chest pains and then collapsed. What is your first​ action?

Answer 17

suction the airway

Question 18

A patient who is lying on cold ground is losing the most amount of heat by what​ mechanism?

Answer 18

conduction

Question 19

For which of the following reasons are​ newborns, infants, and the elderly more readily affected by the heat than other age​ groups?

Answer 19

Poor ability to regulate body temperature

Question 20

Which of the following would you expect to see in a patient with severe​ hypothermia?

Answer 20

Irrational behavior

Question 21

Why are infants and young children more prone to hypothermia than​ adults?

Answer 21

They have less fat than adults.

Question 22

Your patient is a​ 24-year-old man who smoked a cigarette dipped in formaldehyde and then went outside with no shoes on and walked in the snow for about an hour. He has deep local cold injuries to both feet. Which of the following should be included in your management of this​ patient?

Answer 22

gradually rewarm both feet

Question 23

Rough handling of a patient with severe hypothermia may result in which of the​ following?

Answer 23

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 24

Which of the following can cause a wound with a characteristic lesion with a bite that is often​ painless?

Answer 24

brown recluse spider

Question 25

What is a common sign or symptom of​ high-altitude cerebral​ edema?

Answer 25

altered mental status

Question 26

When submerged in​ water, biological death may be delayed if the water temperature is below ​________

Answer 26

70

Question 27

In a hypothermic patient the coldest blood is found in what part of the​ patient's body?

Answer 27

Extremities

Question 28

Which of the following signs would you least expect to see in a patient suffering from severe​ hypothermia?

Answer 28

heavy shivering

Question 29

Which of the following terms describes the temperature of the surrounding​ air?

Answer 29

ambient temperature

Question 30

The term gangrene means localized​ tissue:

Answer 30

death

Question 31

Applying an external source of heat to the​ patient's body to rewarm him is called​ ________ rewarming.

Answer 31

active

Question 32

Where should constricting bands be placed to reduce lymphatic flow after a venomous snake​ bite?

Answer 32

2 inches above and below the bite

Question 33

You have responded to a local pool for a drowning patient. Lifeguards have pulled the patient out of the pool prior to your arrival. You find a​ 22-year-old male patient unresponsive with agonal respirations and a weak carotid pulse. Bystanders state the patient was not using the diving board and was found in the shallow end. Why are cervical spine precautions​ necessary?

Answer 33

The patient may have suffered a spinal injury by jumping in shallow water.

Question 34

When the body is in​ water, how many times faster does it lose heat than when it is in still​ air?

Answer 34

25

Question 35

You are on a​ stand-by at a local high school football game. One of the football players comes over to the ambulance and complains that his face feels numb and he has a burning sensation in his fingers. You notice that the​ patient's cheeks and fingers are bright red. How should you treat the​ patient?

Answer 35

Allow the patient to warm up inside the ambulance by passive rewarming measures.

Question 36

The purpose of a constricting band after a venomous snake bite is to impede the spread of which of the​ following?

Answer 36

venom

Question 37

When actively rewarming a frostbitten extremity in warm​ water, you should change the water when the temperature falls below​ ________

Answer 37

100

Question 38

You respond to a landing zone to pick up a skier who was lost in the woods for 36 hours and found by the​ search-and-rescue helicopter. Your patient is a​ 19-year-old male patient. He is alert and oriented to​ time, person,​ place, and event. He is covered in blankets and shivering. He complains of not being able to feel his fingers. Physical exam reveals that the fingers of both extremities have a waxy appearance and feel​ "frozen" on the surface. After treating the patient for potential hypothermia and rapid​ transport, your next action is​ to:

Answer 38

gently bandage the digits

Question 39

Which of the following types of snake is not a pit​ viper?

Answer 39

coral snake

Question 40

To assess skin temperature for a possibly hypothermic​ patient, the EMT should place the back of his hand against which part of the​ patient's body?

Answer 40

abdomen

Question 41

You respond to a construction site on a very hot summer day for a person​ "not acting​ right." You find a​ 38-year-old male patient seated in a work vehicle with the air conditioner on maximum. Coworkers state the patient was working for the last 2 hours pouring concrete when he started​ "speaking gibberish" and nearly collapsed. The patient is responsive to verbal stimuli. Your initial vital signs are blood pressure​ 90/60, pulse​ 136, and respiratory rate 24. The​ patient's skin is hot to the touch and​ dry, but his shirt is wet with visible salt rings. Which is the best treatment for the​ patient?

Answer 41

Apply​ high-concentration oxygen and rapidly transport to the nearest medical facility.

Question 42

Heat stroke is caused by which of the following​ mechanisms?

Answer 42

Failure of temperature regulation mechanisms

Question 43

Why is it important to keep patients at rest when they are​ hypothermic?

Answer 43

Because the blood is coldest in the​ extremities, exercise or unnecessary movement could quickly circulate the cold blood and lower the core body temperature.

Question 44

Localized cold injury occurs due to vasoconstriction​ and:

Answer 44

ice crystal formation in the tissues.

Question 45

Which of the following describes the condition of having an abnormally high body​ temperature?

Answer 45

hyperthermia

Question 46

In a patient with extreme hypothermia who appears to be in cardiac​ arrest, you should assess the pulse for how​ long?

Answer 46

at least 60 seconds

Question 47

Which of the following could worsen the effects of a snake​ bite?

Answer 47

application of ice

Question 48

You respond to a boat dock for a diving injury. You find a​ 24-year-old male patient unresponsive with frothy blood in the mouth and lung sounds absent on the right side. The​ patient's friends state they were diving when he came out of the water complaining of chest pains and then collapsed. What condition do you​ suspect?

Answer 48

air embolism

Question 49

Which of the following increases a scuba​ diver's risk of decompression​ sickness?

Answer 49

Flying within several hours after a dive

Question 50

You arrive on the scene and find an unresponsive homeless man lying in the alleyway clutching a wine bottle. He is wearing a​ long-sleeved shirt but does not have pants on. His skin feels cold to the touch. The​ week's temperatures have not been above 50degreesF. Which of the following should you do immediately after ensuring the patient has an adequate​ airway

Answer 50

Check the carotid pulse.

Question 51

You are enjoying some time at the beach on your day off when you hear a swimmer crying for help. As you spot the swimmer about 30 feet from​ shore, she cries out again but appears to be getting weaker. Although there is no lifeguard on​ duty, there is a rowboat and a ring buoy available. Assuming you do not know how to swim or consider yourself a poor​ swimmer, which of the following should you do​ first?

Answer 51

Call for help and try to throw the buoy to the swimmer.

Question 52

Heat cramps occur due to loss of which of the following​ substances?

Answer 52

salt

Question 53

You respond to a professional volleyball tournament for a potential heat stroke. Upon arrival you find a​ 28-year-old male patient seated inside the​ air-conditioned first aid trailer. He is alert and in obvious distress. He is complaining of severe cramping of his arms and legs. His vital signs are stable. What is the most likely cause of the​ cramping?

Answer 53

sweating too much

Question 54

In cases of extreme​ hypothermia, you will find the patient​ unconscious, with no discernible vital​ signs, and skin cold to your touch with stiff joints as if they appear dead. What is the emergency care for these​ patients?

Answer 54

In cases of extreme​ hypothermia, you will find the patient​ unconscious, with no discernible vital​ signs, and skin cold to your touch with stiff joints as if they appear dead. What is the emergency care for these​ patients?

Question 55

You respond to the scene of a​ 14-year-old patient found outside in a cold environment. He is unresponsive and hypothermic. Emergency Medical Responders have moved the patient inside and secured the airway prior to your arrival. What is your next​ action?

Answer 55

Passively rewarm the patient.

Question 56

Why is it important to remove constricting items such as rings before thawing a frozen​ extremity?

Answer 56

Because thawed areas often swell

Question 57

Your patient is a​ 44-year-old female with a history of alcoholism. She has been walking around at an outdoor fair on a​ hot, sunny day. She is disoriented to​ time; has​ hot, dry​ skin; and appears to be generally weak. Which of the following is the appropriate sequence of treatment for this​ patient?

Answer 57

Give oxygen by nonrebreather​ mask, remove heavy​ clothing, and place cold packs on her​ neck, armpits, and groin.

Question 58

You respond to the scene of a local campground. Your patient is a​ 15-year-old female patient who was stung in the arm by a bee. The patient is anxious and hyperventilating at 28 times a minute. The patient is alert and oriented to​ time, place,​ person, and event. Lung sounds are clear bilaterally. The left arm is swollen and the stinger is not present. Blood pressure is​ 118/72 and pulse is 110. The​ patient's mother states the patient is allergic to bee stings and has an epinephrine​ auto-injector. She called 911 because she was afraid the patient would stop breathing. Which of the following is the best treatment​ plan?

Answer 58

treat the patient for shock and transport

Question 59

To rescue someone who has fallen through the​ ice, which of the following is the safest device to​ use?

Answer 59

flat-bottomed aluminum boat

Question 60

Which of the following is not a classification of localized cold​ injury?

Answer 60

hypothermia

Question 61

Which of the following is caused by trapped nitrogen gas in the tissues due to a rapid ascent from a scuba​ dive?

Answer 61

Decompression sickness

Question 62

Of the following venomous​ snakes, which one usually has the highest incidence of a​ "dry bite"?

Answer 62

coral snake

Question 63

In mild​ cases, what may overcome acute mountain​ sickness?

Answer 63

Rest and rehydration at altitude

Question 64

Which of the following best describes a localized cold injury with a clear line of demarcation of its​ limits?

Answer 64

early frostnip

Question 65

In which of the following ways does the body produce heat in response to being​ cold?

Answer 65

shivering

Question 66

Which of the following occurs when gases leave a damaged lung in a diving accident and enter the​ bloodstream?

Answer 66

Arterial gas embolism

Question 67

The technique for central rewarming requires the application of heat to which of the following areas of the​ patient's body?

Answer 67

Lateral​ chest, neck,​ armpits, and groin