Ch. 28 Protists

Question 1

What is a protist?

Answer 1

Is the informal name of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not a fungus, plant or animal.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of protists?

Answer 2

-they have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
-contains all three size (small,med,large)
-its both unicellular and mulicellular
-chromosome is linear and 2n
-sexually and asexually
-motiliy: legs cilia, and flagella
-cell wall: maybe
-complex

Question 3

Define endosymbiosis

Answer 3

relationship between two species in which one organism lives inside the cells of the other organism (the host)

Question 4

define protozoan

Answer 4

(animal-like), heterotrophs, ingest food by phagocytosis, A few are mixotrophs. Combining photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition and can use whichever energy source is available.

Question 5

define algae

Answer 5

(plant-like): autotrophs, contain pigments and carry out photosynthesis

Question 6

define slime molds

Answer 6

(fungus-like): hetertophs, abosrbing nutrients from decomposing organic matter

Question 7

define pseudopodia

Answer 7

movement and feeding

Question 8

define cilia

Answer 8

movement and feeding

Question 9

define contractile vacuole

Answer 9

pumps out excess water

Question 10

define apex

Answer 10

penetrating (to enter) cells

Question 11

define flagellum

Answer 11

long, hair-like structure

Question 12

define phytoplankton

Answer 12

photosynthetic plankton, which include photosynthetic bacteria as well as algae

Question 13

define zooplankton

Answer 13

organisms that drift in aquatic environments

Question 14

define bloom

Answer 14

reproduce rapidly

Question 15

define plasmodium

Answer 15

unicellular multi-nucleate mass

Question 16

define fruiting body

Answer 16

produces spores for reproduction

Question 17

How do protists differ from prokaryotes?

Answer 17

mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not a fungus, plant, or animal

Question 19

What is a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 19

Evolutionary relationships are depicted in a branching diagram

Question 20

What is meant by a monophyletic group?

Answer 20

consisting of an ancestral species and all its descendants (one)

Question 21

paraphyletic group?

Answer 21

consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all, of the
descendants (next to)

Question 22

polyphyletic group?

Answer 22

consists of various species that lack a common ancestor(many)

Question 23

Why are protists organized now into four supergroups rather than a single kingdom?

Answer 23

The protists are a polypothic group

Question 24

List the 4 supergroups

Answer 24

Excavata, SAR, Archaeplastidia. and Unikonta

Question 25

Name the three ecological categories of protists.

Answer 25

Protozoans, Algae, and Slime molds

Question 26

Which protists are protozoa?

Answer 26

Amoeba, Ciliate, Apicomplexans, and Trypanosomes

Question 27

Which protists are algae?

Answer 27

1. Euglenids 2. Diatoms 3. Brown algae 4. Dinoflagellates 5. Red algae 6. Green algae

Question 28

Which protists are slime molds?

Answer 28

1. Plasmodial slime molds 2. Cellular slime molds

Question 29

What are some basic characteristics of euglenids?

Answer 29

-autotrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic - two flagella (one long, one short) - eyespot: reflects light to the light detector - light detector: senses direction of light - contractile vacuole

Question 30

What are some basic characteristics of diatoms?

Answer 30

-unicellular algae - overlapping two-part, glass-like wall (SiO2) - major component of phytoplankton - deposits mined as diatomaceous earth (abrasives) - pennate or centric shapes

Question 31

What are some basic characteristics of brown algae ?

Answer 31

-largest and most complex algae - include multicellular “seaweeds” and giant kelps - algal seaweeds have plantlike structures (holdfast, stipe, blades), some with floats - polysaccharide algin (thickening or emulsifying agent) - pigment fucoxanthin (weight-loss supplement)

Question 32

What are some basic characteristics of dinoflagellates?

Answer 32

-Two flagella make them spin as they move through the water - cell wall of cellulose - marine and freshwater phytoplankton - blooms cause toxic “red tides

Question 33

What are some basic characteristics of red algae?

Answer 33

-unicellular or multicellular - pigments can make red algae appear red, green, black, or blue - source of agar (growth medium) and carrageenan (food thickener) - Porphyra (nori) is used as a seaweed wrapper for sush

Question 34

What are some basic characteristics of green algae?

Answer 34

-chlorophytes - can be single cell -share a common ancestor with plants

Question 35

What are the plantlike structures of brown algae?

Answer 35

-blade -stipe -holdfast

Question 36

What is a “red tide”? What organism is responsible for producing it and what are its effects?

Answer 36

Periods of explosive population growth (blooms) in dinoflagellates sometimes cause a phenomenon which appears red or pink because of the presence of carotenoids.(common pigments in dinoflagellate)

Question 37

Which group of green algae are believed to share a common ancestor of plants?

Answer 37

Charophytes

Question 38

What is the primary difference between a plasmodial slime mold and a cellular slime mold?

Answer 38

plasmodial slime molds form a single mass that moves and feeds, while cellular slime molds consist of individual cells that can aggregate temporarily for reproduction