CH. 31 Fungi

Question 1

define hypha

Answer 1

basic filament of fungus

Question 2

define mycelium

Answer 2

a mass of hyphae able to extract nutrients

Question 3

define septate hypha

Answer 3

divided into cells by septa: have cell walls connected by pores

Question 4

define coenocytic hypa

Answer 4

share the cyptoplasm

Question 5

define haploid

Answer 5

contains a single set of chromsome

Question 6

define diploid

Answer 6

two complete sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 7

define spore

Answer 7

Fungal reproduction in vast numbers through sexual and asexual cycle.

Question 8

define kargomay

Answer 8

This is the stage where the haploid nuclei from the two parents finally fuse to form diploid cells. This fusion of nuclei is what defines karyogamy(sexual)

Question 9

define heterkaryotic

Answer 9

In this stage, the mycelium contains genetically different nuclei from both parents. In some fungi, these nuclei pair off two to a cell, forming a dikaryotic mycelium.

Question 10

define conidia

Answer 10

Asexual spore, play a crucial role in the rapid and efficient propagation of fungi, ensuring their survival and spread in various environments.

Question 11

define ascus

Answer 11

found in the ascomycete fungi known as sac fungi

Question 12

define ascospore

Answer 12

primary function of an ascus is to produce and contain spores, These spores are formed during the sexual reproduction stage of the fungus.

Question 13

define ascocarp

Answer 13

Asci are found within fruiting bodies

Question 14

define basidium

Answer 14

is a specialized reproductive structure found in basidiomycete fungi

Question 15

define basidiospore

Answer 15

The primary function of a basidium is to produce and release sexual spores

Question 16

define basidiocarp

Answer 16

fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes.

Question 17

define mycorrhiza

Answer 17

fungus + plant roots

Question 18

define lichen

Answer 18

fungus + algae or cyanbacteria

Question 19

define endophytes

Answer 19

fungus + other plant parts

Question 20

How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction in fungi?

Answer 20

Asexual undergoes mitosis like molds and yeasts. Sexual undergoes meiosis and plasmogamy and karyogamy.

Question 21

What are the two major stages in the sexual life cycle of fungi?

Answer 21

Plasmogamy and Karyogamy

Question 22

Which fungal structures are haploid? diploid?

Answer 22

Haploid: spores, mycelium, hyphae, and conidia
Diploid: zygote and transient diploid cells

Question 23

What is a mold?

Answer 23

filamentous fungi that produce haploid spores by mitosis and form visible mycelia

Question 24

What are yeast? What is their usual mode of reproduction?

Answer 24

Primarily reproduce asexually through a process called budding and do not produce spores.

Question 25

What are the three main evidences that fungi are more closely related to animals than they are to plants?

Answer 25

1.) Cell wall 2.) carbohydrate storage 3.) heterophic

Question 26

How does the nutritional mode of most fungi differ from that observed for animals?

Answer 26

Fungi digest food externally, while animals digest food internally. Fungi absorb nutrients directly from their environment, whereas animals ingest and then digest food.

Question 27

Following karyogamy and formation of the diploid zygote, what is the process that restores the haploid condition before spores are produced?

Answer 27

meiosis

Question 28

Recognize that there are five fungal phyla.

Answer 28

1.) chytrids 2.) zoopagomycetes 3.) mucoromycetes 4.) ascomycetes 5.) basidiomycetes

Question 29

characteristics of members of the phyla Chytridiomycota

Answer 29

Chytrids are found in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats. They can be decomposers, parasites, or mutualists. Chytrids are unique among fungi in having flagellated spores, called zoospores (ability to move around)

Question 30

characteristics of members of the phyla Ascomycota

Answer 30

Ascomycetes live in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats.

Question 31

characteristics of members of the phyla Basidiomycota

Answer 31

Basidiomycetes include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi. Some decompose wood.

Question 32

What are some example ascomycetes?

Answer 32

include morels, truffles, Penicillium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 33

What are some example basidiomycetes?

Answer 33

mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs and stinkhorns

Question 34

What are the two types of mycorrhizae and how do they differ?

Answer 34

ectomycorrhizae: fungal hyphae b/w cortical cells arbuscular mycorrhizae (endomycorrhizae): form arbuscules within the cell walls

Question 35

What is a lichen? What type of symbiotic relationship is established?

Answer 35

A lichen is a symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic microorganism, such as an alga or cyanobacterium.

Question 36

What are the lichens benefits to the host? Symbiont?

Answer 36

1.) suitable environment, protection, gas exchange, mineral uptake. 2.) carbon compounds and nitrogen fixation are benefits to the symbiont

Question 37

What is a mycosis?

Answer 37

Fungal infections like ringworm, athlete's foot, thrush, and vaginal yeast infection.