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physical science > ch. 29 > Flashcards

ch. 29 Flashcards

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1
Q

sphere

A

is a round, three dimensional objects, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions

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2
Q

ellipse

A

is an elongated closed curve with two foci

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3
Q

is the earth a perfect sphere?

A

no because the equator is longer than pole to pole

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4
Q

what are two factors that affect gravitational poll

A

an objects mass and the distance between them

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5
Q

which diameter of earth , holds a pole or equator, is the greatest

A

the equator is the greatest

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6
Q

what does the magnetic field

A

harmful radiation

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7
Q

which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?

A

south magnetic pole

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8
Q

at what degree is the earths axis tilted at?

A

11.7 degrees

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9
Q

does the magnetic reverse?

A

yes

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10
Q

what is the large skill movement called where the magnetic poles reverse?

A

magnetic reversal

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11
Q

how often does magnetic reversals occurs

A

200,000 years

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12
Q

how long ago was the last magnetic reversal happen

A

780,000 years ago

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13
Q

what part of earths magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun

A

magnetosphere

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14
Q

what are the two scientific names of northern lights and southern lights

A

northern lights-aurora borealis

southern lights- aurora australis

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15
Q

how are the auroras created

A

electrically charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light (sun)

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16
Q

what month are we closest to the sun

A

January

about 147 million km away

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17
Q

what month is the farthest from the sun

A

July

152 million km away

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18
Q

time zone

A

us an area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

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19
Q

rotation

A

is the spinning of Earth on its axis, and imaginary line drawn from from earths North Pole to its South pole

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20
Q

revolution

A

is the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

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21
Q

ecliptic

A

is defined as the plane if Earth’s orbit around the sun

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22
Q

solstice

A

occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or Northern Hemisphere

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23
Q

equinox

A

Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the sun

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24
Q

who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.

A

Babylonians

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25
what was the symbol for degree taken from?
Babylonian symbol for the sun
26
How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?
360 degrees
27
how many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?
24 hours
28
how many degrees does the Earth spin in one hour?
15 degrees
29
what direction does the sun rise?
east
30
what direction does the sunset?
west
31
true or false: all time zones are the exact same size?
false, they are modified to fir around cities,states, and country borders, and other key sites.
32
how many time zones are there in the world?
24 time zones
33
which direction do you move to add hours to the time?
move to east
34
which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time?
move to west
35
how many time zones are there in the United States?
6 time zones
36
what are the names of the time zones?
eastern time,central time,mountain time, pacific time, Atlantic/Alaskan time, Hawaiian time
37
what is a solar day?
when the sun is directly above us at noon till the next day its above us at noon
38
what is a sidereal day?
when earth rotates based on a star
39
what are the two main reasons for seasons?
earth's tilt and orbit around the sun (how close)
40
which 2 seasons have a solstice?
summer and winter
41
which month is the summer solstice?
June 21st
42
which month is the winter solstice?
December 21st
43
which two seasons are equinoxes
spring and fall
44
which month is the spring equinox?
march 20th or 21st
45
which month is the fall equinox?
September 22nd or 23rd
46
when is the longest day of the year?
June 21st
47
when is the shortest day of the year?
December 21st
48
when are the days almost 12 hours of the day and 12 hours of night?
March and September (spring and fall)
49
tide
is a rise or fall in the ocean surface
50
moon phase
reflects the change in appearance of the moon as seen from earth
51
solar eclipse
occurs when the moon moves directly between the sun and earth and casts a shadow on earth
52
lunar eclipse
occurs when earth passes between the sun and moon and cast a shadow on the moon
53
maria
are the dark colored flat lava filled regions on the moons surface
54
regolith
is a layer of dusty lunar material
55
how many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth?
27.3 days
56
a complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?
synodic month
57
do we ever see the back side of the moon?
no
58
what causes a tide to rise or fall?
gravitational polls from the moon and sun
59
what is the rise of sea level called?
high tide
60
after the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level drop?
6 hours later
61
which is farther from Earth, the sun or the moon?
the sun
62
does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth's tides?
the moon
63
how are the sun,the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide?
the sun,earth, and the moon is in straight line
64
how are the sun,the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide?
sun moon and earth are formed in a L shape
65
what does the phase of the moon you see depend on?
depends of the positions of the sun,earth and the moon
66
when does the new moon occur?
between the earth and the sun
67
how many phases of the moon are there?
8
68
what is the definition of waxing phases?
the illuminated portion that we see appears larger r each night
69
what is the definition of waning phases?
illuminated begins to appear smaller
70
what are the moon phase names?
waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, waning crescent
71
where is the word month derived?
same root word as moon
72
how is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse?
moon blocks out the sun during the day
73
what is an umbra?
area of the total eclipse
74
what is a penumbra?
partial eclipse
75
how is the earth,moon, and sun aligned during the lunar eclipse?
the earth is between the sun and the moon
76
how are the depressions on the moon formed?
comets,meteorites, asteroids
77
are there mountains on the moon?
yes
78
which side of the moon is thicker?
the dark side of the moon
79
is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid?
solid
80
what did the Clementine spacecraft do?(2 things)
it confirmed that the crust on the side of the moon facing earth is much thinner, and provided information on the mineral content of the Moon rocks
81
what did the Lunar Prospector do? ( 3 things)
pictures of the lunar surface, confirmed the moon has a small, iron-rich core, collected evidence that supports the presence of water-ice on the moon
82
what is the Giant Impact Theory?
states that a large sized object collided with Earth, then deb re was thrown into orbit that turned into the moon

physical science (6 decks)

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