CH.26

Question 1

is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with cystalline form

Answer 1

minerals

Question 2

when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

Answer 2

cleavage

Question 3

minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibit

Answer 3

fracture

Question 4

the physical property that measures a minerals resistances to scratching

Answer 4

hardness

Question 5

molten rock material inside earth

Answer 5

magma

Question 6

the color of a mineral in powdered from

Answer 6

streak

Question 7

A mineral is

Answer 7

a a naturally occurring,inorganic, with a crystal line form

Question 8

what are the two most abundant elements that make up earth crust?

Answer 8

oxygen and silicon

Question 9

what does inorganic mean?

Answer 9

materials that are not living

Question 10

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

Answer 10

minerals break,how hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has

Question 11

what are all the ways to identify minerals?

Answer 11

luster streak cleavage fracture hardness crystal shape

Question 12

what are two types of luster?

Answer 12

metallic and non metallic

Question 13

how does metallic luster reflect light?

Answer 13

in a way a metal surface might

Question 14

how does nonmetallic luster reflect light

Answer 14

earthy or waxy

Question 15

how do you perform a streak test?

Answer 15

by rubbing a mineral on an unglazed white tile

Question 16

what are two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

Answer 16

cleavage and fracture

Question 17

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

Answer 17

mohs scale

Question 18

what is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness?

Answer 18

1-10

Question 19

how many different crystal shape systems are there?

Answer 19

6

Question 20

minerals grow from the

Question 21

what are 3 ways minerals can form?

Answer 21

hot water, evapiration, molten rock

Question 22

what are the two mineral groups?

Answer 22

silicates non silicates

Question 23

which mineral group is the most abundant in Earths crust?

Answer 23

silicates

Question 24

what element are silicates made up of?

Answer 24

oxygen silicon

Question 25

nonsilicates do not contain what element?

Answer 25

silicon

Question 26

what mineral is used to make glass?

Answer 26

quartz

Question 27

define rock

Answer 27

is a naturally formed mixture containing mineral, rock fragment, and valcanic glass

Question 28

how are rocks identified?

Answer 28

by their composition and texture

Question 29

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

Question 30

where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

Question 31

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from?

Question 32

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

Question 33

what are three type of magma?

Question 34

which magma type has a low silica content?

Question 35

which magma type has a high silica content?

Question 36

which type of crust has an abundant amount of quarts? (oceanic or continental)

Question 37

which type of crust has little to no quartz? (oceanic or continental)

Question 38

which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

Question 39

which type of igneous rock has has a fine grained texture?

Question 40

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

Question 41

what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

Question 42

which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

Question 43

which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

Question 44

what types of rocks has vesicular (holey) texture?

Question 45

define clast

Answer 45

small rock and mineral fragment

Question 46

what types of erosion are rocks on Earth's surface exposed to?

Answer 46

water,wind, or other forces

Question 47

what does it mean if clasts are being transported?

Answer 47

its being moved from one location to another

Question 48

what does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

Answer 48

dropped off

Question 49

define pore space

Answer 49

between clast

Question 50

define compaction

Answer 50

is where clast stick together due to the weight of overlaying material

Question 51

define cementation

Answer 51

minerals precipitate slowly out a water solution and crystallize in the spaces between clast

Question 52

how are sedimentary rock formed?

Answer 52

Most of the time both compaction and cementation work together to make sedimentary rock.

Question 53

what is another name for clast?

Answer 53

Detritus

Question 54

what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clast

Answer 54

detrital sedimentary | rock.

Question 55

what is the decreasing size of clasts

Answer 55

gravel, sand, silt, or clay

Question 56

which clast size would be deposited first

Answer 56

gravel (heaviest material

Question 57

what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 57

conglomerate,sandstone,siltstone,shale

Question 58

how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

Answer 58

Mineral crystals also precipitate out of a solution through evaporation

Question 59

if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called

Answer 59

biochemical sedimentary rock

Question 60

what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rock?

Answer 60

lime stone and coal

Question 61

what are three types of sedimentary rock?

Answer 61

clast,bio,chemical

Question 62

metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which 3 things?

Answer 62

heat,pressure, or chemical reaction

Question 63

which types of rocks can be changed by metmorphism

Answer 63

igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic

Question 64

what is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small changes

Answer 64

regional metamorphism

Question 65

when shale is compressed,which type of metamorphic rock is created?

Answer 65

slate

Question 66

what are two types of metamorphic rock textures?

Answer 66

foliated and nonfoliated

Question 67

define foliated texture

Answer 67

have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands

Question 68

define nonfoliated texture

Answer 68

has crystals with more random orientations

Question 69

metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on which two things?

Answer 69

texture and compisition

Question 70

define rock cycle

Answer 70

the continual changing of rocks from one type to another

Question 71

which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle?

Answer 71

sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic

Question 72

what are 3 types of rocks?

Answer 72

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Question 73

which type of rocks form from molten rock?

Answer 73

Igneous rocks

Question 74

which types of rocks are formed from clasts,precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

Question 75

which types of rocks are formed from heat,pressure, and chemical reaction?

Answer 75

metamorphic rock

Question 76

what can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

Answer 76

minerals

Question 77

the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth's surface

Answer 77

weathering

Question 78

a mixture of weathered rock,organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

Answer 78

soil

Question 79

the removal of surface material through the process of weathering.

Answer 79

erosion

Question 80

gravity move eroded materials from one place to another is a processes called?

Answer 80

sediment transport

Question 81

drops this sediment load in a process called?

Answer 81

deposition

Question 82

The land area that gathers water for major river is called a river"s what?

Answer 82

drainage basin

Question 83

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline is called?

Answer 83

longshore current