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Anatomy Lecture > Ch 3 > Flashcards

Ch 3 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

All material inside the cell

A

Cytoplasm

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2
Q

Proteins that support the cell, hold organelles in place and enable the cell to change shape

A

Cytoskeleton

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3
Q

Attach the cell membrane to the underlying cytoplasm

A

Microfilaments

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4
Q

Strengthen and stabilize the cell

A

Intermediate filaments

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5
Q

Involved in the movement and transport of materials within the cell and is involved in cell division

A

Microtubules

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6
Q

Make proteins and are the workstations where amino acids are strung together to make protein

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

Are not attached to any other organelles and they function inside the cell

A

Free ribosomes

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8
Q

Are attached to another organelle and are secreted from the cell or inserted in the cell membrane

A

Fixed ribosomes

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9
Q

Network of membranous channels (tubes) that extend throughout the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

-Has fixed ribosomes attached to the outer surface
- modifies newly made proteins and folds proteins into their proper shape
- sends proteins to another organelle called the Golgi apparatus

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

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11
Q
  • has nothing attached to the outer surface
    -produced lipid based substances (steroids, hormones, phospholipids and cholesterol)
  • contains enzymes to break down organic chemicals
A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

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12
Q

-Receives newly synthesized proteins from the RER
- further modifies and processes the protein

A

Golgi apparatus

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13
Q

The Golgi apparatus packages the proteins into sacs called?

A

Vesicles

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14
Q

Vesicles containing degradative enzymes and acids to break down pathogens and damaged organelles

A

Lysosomes

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15
Q

Synthesize ATP

A

Mitochondria

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16
Q

Which organic molecules are used for energy?

A

Glucose and fats (O2)

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17
Q
  • Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
    -in the inner membrane of mitochondria are needed
A

Enzymes

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18
Q

-Composed of ribose sugar, adenine base and three phosphate groups
- energy is released by breaking a high energy phosphate bond

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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19
Q

-The genetic information to build and run organisms and is found in the nucleus of cells
- contains the instructions to make proteins
- is two strands of nucleotides coiled into a double helix

A

DNA

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20
Q

The two DNA strands are not identical they are complementary, which 2 nitrogenous bases are complementary?

A

T only binds with A
C only binds with G

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21
Q

-A set of 3 nitrogenous bases on one strand of DNA
- each one codes for one amino acid

A

Triplet codes

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22
Q

-entire length of both DNA stands
-each _____ contains instructions to make many proteins
-human cells have 23 pairs (46 total)

23
Q

-one segment of a chromosome
-each _____ contains instructions to make one specific protein

24
Q

-is involved in the synthesize (production) of proteins in the cytoplasm of the cell
-is a single stand of nucleotide
- nitrogenous bases include: A, U, G, and C

25
Type of RNA: is a single (straight) of nucleotides
mRNA
26
A set of three mRNA nitrogenous bases that is complimentary to a triplet of DNA is called
Codon
27
Type of RNA: single stand of nucleotides that is bent -one amino acid is attached to the upper part
tRNA
28
A set of three tRNA nitrogenous bases that is complimentary to mRNA codon is called an
Anticodon
29
-occurs in the nucleus -DNA uncoils and two strands separate - a segment of one strand of DNA is copied to make a complimentary strand of mRNA
Transcription
30
-occurs in the ribosome -amino acids are strung together in the proper sequence -anticodon of each tRNA bind to a codon of mRNA
Translation
31
-cell is not dividing and the cell is performing its normal function - DNA is loosely called and is not visible under a microscope
Interphase
32
Cell division
Mitosis
33
Copies chromosome (each one is a sister chromatid) are visible under a microscope
Prophase
34
-sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell -spindle fibers attach to each sister chromatid
Metaphase
35
-sister chromatids are pulled apart by spindle fibers - each sister chromatid moves to opposite ends of the cell and is now called a chromosome
Anaphase
36
Protein strands formed by centrioles
Spindle fibers
37
-separates the cells interior from the exterior - is made up of a bilayer phospholipid
Cell membrane
38
-water soluble -water loving
Hydrophilic head
39
-Not soluble in water - water fearing
Hydrophobic tails
40
Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer
Proteins
41
Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions occurring at the cell membrane
Enzymes
42
Proves that bind to specific chemicals (hormones) that will alter cellular activity
Receptors in the cell membrane
43
Proteins that help transport specific substances into or out of the cell
Channels and transporters in the cell membrane
44
Short, finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the cell membrane
Microvili
45
Long, hair-like projections that sweep substances from one area to another
Cilia
46
Separate the substances inside the cell from the substances outside the cell
The cell membrane
47
Fluid substances outside the cell
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
48
Fluid between cells
Interstitial fluid
49
Fluid and substances inside the cell
Intracelular fluid (ICF)
50
The cell membrane allows some substances to enter or exit the cell but prohibits the passage of other substances into or out of the cell
Selectively permeable (semipermeable)
51
-energy from ATP is not needed to move substances (or water) into or out of cells - ex diffusion, osmosis, and filtration
Passive transport
52
Energy from ATP is needed to move substances into or out of cells
Active transport
53
Substances move into or out of the cell directly through the phospholipid bilayer
Simple transport
54
Substances move into or out of the cell through protein transporters
Facilitated transport

Anatomy Lecture (3 decks)

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