CH. 3

Question 1

Prokaryotic- bacterial cells

Answer 1

First cell type on earth
Cell type of bacteria
No membrane bound organelles
No true nucleus
Nucleoid region of DNA concentration

Question 2

Eukaryotic- plant , animal and fungi

Answer 2

Cells with true nucleus
Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells
Possess many organelles

Question 3

Pro vs. eukaryotic

Answer 3

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and the membrane bounds , Prokaryotic don’t have any of this

Question 4

Plasma membrane

Answer 4

regulates the transport of material entering and exiting the cell

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

is the control panel of the whole cell, they are in charge of activities

Question 6

Golgi apparatus

Answer 6

modifies, sorts , and packages proteins; proteins release inside a protective vesicle

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

makes ATP by using energy released during the oxidation of food we eat

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

the digestive system of the cell

Question 10

Peroxisomes

Answer 10

break down molecules by the process of oxidation to produce hydrogen peroxide

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

is used for storage of water, enzymes, waste and organelles. they help regulate the amount of fluid inside a cell

Question 12

Ribosomes

Answer 12

it is a cell organelle
helps cell make proteins to function
it is found in all kinds of cells prokaryotic/ and eukaryotic

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

used for animal cells to reproduce, they release long stiff fibers called microtubules that split the cell apart during cell division

Question 14

Nucleoli

Answer 14

help make ribosomes

Question 15

Proteasomes

Answer 15

absorbs ubiquinone and breaks down into protein

Question 16

flagella/cilia

Answer 16

both are used to move an entire cell

Question 17

cilia

Answer 17

The function of cilia is to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement of the cilia

Question 18

Flagella

Answer 18

Flagellum is primarily a motility organelle that enables movement and chemotaxis(stimulus chemical) or phototaxes(stimulus light)
*whip like extensions
*found on sperm cells

Question 19

Know how to calculate magnification of light microscope

Answer 19

the eyepiece lens 10x multiplied by the objective lens (4x,10x,40 and 100x)
Highest maximum magnification is around 1000x

Question 20

Microscopes

Answer 20

produce and enlarge image of an object

Question 21

Know the different types of transport. Diffusion

Answer 21

Molecules move to equalize concentration

Question 22

Osmosis

Answer 22

special form of diffusion, movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
→Into cell and
→out of cell

Question 23

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 23

Diffusion facilitated by transport protein molecules/ channels
Channels (are specific) help molecule or ions enter or leave the cell
Aquaporins facilitate the movement of water
No energy is used

Question 24

Isotonic
Know the different types of solutions (iso, hyper and hypotonic)

Answer 24

Solutes equally inside and out of cell

Question 25

Hypotonic

Answer 25

Solutes inside cell more than outside Outside solvent will flow into cell

Question 26

Hypertonic

Answer 26

Solutes greater outside cell Fluid will flow out of cell

Question 27

Principle of cell theory

Answer 27

All living things are made of cells Cell is the basic unit of life All cells arise from preexisting cells

Question 28

Characteristics of all cells-

Answer 28

A surrounding cell membrane protoplasm/cytoplasm- Thick fluid within cell DNA-

Question 29

Plasma membrane-

Answer 29

Phospholipid by layer selectively permeable Membrane proteins function as receptors Integral proteins function as transporters

Question 30

Cell wall

Answer 30

found in plants, fungi, it provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress and it has protists which surrounds plasma membrane

Question 31

Cell wall differences

Answer 31

Plants - mostly cellulose Fungi- contain chitin

Question 32

Cytoskeleton-

Answer 32

3 functions → structural/mechanical support → anchor organelles → help move substances --> transport