ch 3 Flashcards

Question

Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

Answer 1

System used to detect the position of the user Signals (radio waves) sent from device to satellite Signals (radio waves) sent from satellite to device Device calculates the distance from satellite At least 3 satellites are used to detect an accurate Location

Answer 2

GPS is main a component of satnav used in routing to destinations examples: in cars or by walkers or by runners to calculate distance run or in ships or in aircraft

Answer 3

Adds layers of data to maps Allows the user to analyze data according to location (in order to take decisions) Users can edit map data Works with GPS Uses: weather forecasting sales analysis crime patterns traffic information population forecasting

Answer 4

It is a technology by which a program updates itself automatically and to perform tasks similar to learning and decision making in humans

Answer 5

Virtual objects overlaid on real world environments Use a photo as an item in a search engine

Answer 6

3-D Artificial environment generated by software It uses goggles, suits, helmets and gloves to interact It gives the human the feeling of reality by simulating senses such as vision, hearing, touch and smell

Answer 7

A model is created prior to creating a real thing in order to test / avoid errors in reality, examples include: CAD (modeling buildings or machinery) simulations (modeling situations and training people before being placed in the real scenario) financial models (calculations of expected profit or loss to avoid financial losses in a project)

Answer 8

Fewer errors in final version of real item as errors would have been resolved in model Saves money as it saves on resources Safer to run a computer model rather than risking human life Different scenarios/what ifs can be carried out which may happen in real life/to experiment Some situations will be very difficult to test in real life

Answer 9

Models can only test situations which are expected / in reality some situations may be not expected Humans in a model will not react the same way they will do in a real- life dangerous situation Creating models consume time, delay in start of creating the real thing Models usually require specialist to be done (cost)

Answer 10

*It is used to read the number plates on cars * A sensor detects a vehicle * It sends a signal to the processor to instruct the camera to capture an image for the car * A program is used to isolate the number plate from the image * The brightness and contrast is adjusted to separate each character in the plate * Each character is recognized using OCR then it is stored in the database * The car park barrier is raised and the driver receives a ticket showing the date and time

Answer 11

An expert system is a system that stores the knowledge of a human expert, so that it can later be asked questions & give answers to them. Some examples of Expert systems Medical system, Car fault diagnostics, Plant species identification, Rock identification, Mineral exploration, Chess games, Weather forecasting, Tax calculation

Answer 12

Help the expert give more accurate results More consistent results; not affected by emotional reasoning Faster to produce results Uses data from many experts so contains more knowledge than single expert Cheaper than employing multiple experts Updating expert system is cheaper and more frequent than regularly training experts

Answer 13

Lack common sense in the decision making process Initial cost of creating the system If the knowledge base or rules base contain errors it will mislead the expert to an incorrect result Must be regularly updated Experts must be trained to use it

Answer 14

some new jobs were introduced : technicians programmers webpage designers delivery drivers some jobs were outdated : workers in factories replaced by robots secretaries accountants payroll workers

Answer 15

Part-time: fewer hours per day or fewer days per week than full time Flexible working: the ability to choose the start and finish times but they must complete a full day’s work (requires agreement with employer) Job sharing: a full time job between 2 part time workers; one in the mornings and the other the afternoons (both workers are doing the same job) Compressed hours: work their full hours per week but for fewer days (40 hours in 4 days rather than 5 days) Work from home: Employee working from home using the Internet

Answer 16

More leisure time More time to work (full time instead of part time) Can leave home while household tasks (cooking & washing) are being done by equipment More secure lifestyle (due to presence of automatic alarms) Automatic lighting systems can reduce risk of injury People have become lazy as they are more dependent on equipment Lack of exercise Manual household skills are lost Un healthy lifestyle due to dependency on ready meals Cost of purchase and maintenance of devices

Answer 17

-Can control devices remotely -Switch on/off devices before getting home or after leaving -Smart fridge can send reminders to buy products when running out -Security systems connected to the internet enable monitoring the home while outside -Smart television enables streaming of content to watch at any time & playing online games -Needs stable internet connection -High initial cost & maintenance of devices -Must have a smart phone with internet connection -Risk of viruses installed on devices may cause malfunction -Risk of hacking devices like burglar alarms/security cameras

Answer 18

Cause: Staring at computer screens for a long time Prevention: * Use anti-glare screen * Use flat screens * Improve surrounding lighting * Reduce screen brightness * Maintain appropriate distance between screen and eyes * Take regular breaks

Answer 19

Cause: Sitting in a wrong position in front of the computer for a long time prevention: * Sit in an upright position * Use ergonomic chair * Take regular breaks

Answer 20

Cause: Looking up or down at the screen prevention: * Sitting on an adjustable chair so screen is at eye level * Take regular breaks

Answer 21

cause: Long use of mouse (pain in wrist) prevention: * Use wrist rest * Use ergonomic mouse * Take regular breaks

Answer 22

cause: Long use of keyboard (pain in wrist) prevention: * Use ergonomic keyboard * Use hand exercises * Use voice commands * Take regular breaks

Answer 23

Cause: Repetitive clicking on mouse (pain in fingers) Prevention: * Use hand exercises * Use voice commands * Take regular breaks

Answer 24

Cause: Long typing on mobile phone or PDA or use of joystick (pain in thumb) prevention: * Use hand exercises * Use voice commands * Take regular breaks

Answer 25

Cause: Sitting too close to a laser printer for a long time prevention: * Proper room ventilation * Laser printer placed in printer room * Change type of printer

Answer 26

prevention: Keep wires in underground ducts

Answer 27

prevention: Keep wires well insulated Avoid drinks in presence of computers

Answer 28

prevention; Don’t overload sockets Avoid overheating of equipment Do not cover the cooling vents on computer equipment Have CO2 fire extinguishers

Answer 29

prevention: Keep computers in a U-shape and well-spaced to enable easy exit

Answer 30

prevention: Use strong desks / use large desks / secure equipment to wall or floor or desk

Answer 31

A law to prevent software from being sold, copied, distributed or updated any without its owner's (author) permission.

Answer 32

Selling their software on a CD-ROM/DVD- ROM with the name of the company printed on the CD as a hologram Each copy has its own unique serial key to be entered during installation Connect to the internet during installation to make sure that this serial key has not been used before on another computer The software will not be installed unless the CD/DVD/flash memory is in the drive (to avoid copying the contents of the CD and installing from the copy) Dongle that must be plugged in to install (license key stored on dongle)

Answer 33

Data protection Act is a law to protect personal data handled by organizations (example: school, hospital, club) from misuse

Answer 34

Do not keep data longer than required Do not collect data that is not required Do not pass on the data to anyone without the owner’s permission Only certain employees can view the data and handle it Keep the data safe and secure (encryption, firewall, password) Only use the data for the reasons given to the owner Keep the data up to date

Answer 35

Short for internet etiquette, set of rules that need to be respected when communicating over the internet

Answer 36

examples: Don’t be abusive Don’t send spam or repeatedly send the same information to the same person Respect peoples’ privacy, don’t share personal information about anyone without permission Don’t use capital letters; it’s considered shouting Don’t plagiarize, always acknowledge source of any information used Check spelling and grammar, gives a good impression Don’t send inappropriate content, disturbing for others and not respectful When sending emails confirm the recipient to make sure the email is not delivered to someone else

ch 3 Flashcards

(60 cards)